Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Of Personality Psychology Essay

Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Of spirit Psychology EssayBy submitting this work I acknowledge that I am its author, that all sources consulted in its preparation are referenced befittingly in accordance with the referencing guide, and that I consider non copied from any source.character theories concentrate on how qualitys are developed and how behaviour is generated. Personality singularitys are durable dispositions of behaviour that occur across a variety of situations. They are like tendencies a persons predisposition to react in a trusted way in various different situations. Trait theories focus on indentifying the characteristics we possess and the degree to which we possess them. However trait theories are starting to address concerns such as how behaviours are developed, how traits are generated and how our goals and motivations affect the victimisation of traits and the degree to which we possess them (Mischel, 1996). On the other hand, psychodynamic theories of pitying behaviour attain that human lives are ruled by intimate unconscious(p) forces and that these forces which may be images, opinions, or feelings are the chief determinants of who they are and what they do (Kaslow, Magnavita Patterson, 2002).This see will relate trait theory in comparison to psychodynamic theory.Gordon Allports trait theory views disposition as a combination of stable interior characteristics that an somebody displays in a given situation. Conversely, Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic approach emphasizes the interplay of unconscious inconclusive forces struggling for control in plastic peerlesss personality. Freud believes that human functioning is influenced by three basic structures of the mind the id, the swelled head, and the superego, which emerge developmentally. The id, as stated by Freud, is present at birth and works on the pleasure principle. The ego operates on the reality principle and attempts to satisfy the id while obeying societys ru les. The emergence of the ego for Freud symbolizes the origin of consciousness and he refers it as the superego which is the internalized rules of parents in society (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart Roy, 2011). On the other side of the coin, Allport argues that varying strengths of many qualities or traits actually see the personality of a person. Allport had three categories of traits the cardinal traits, the central traits, and lastly the alternate traits. The cardinal traits govern and shape a persons behavior. Central traits are characteristics that others utilization to describe another person. Secondary traits are circumstantial. More recently, trait theorists have indentified five main factors that make up personality Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (Pastorino Doyle-Portillo, 2012).Thus peerless(a) evoke assert that traits are relatively stable predispositions to fare in a certain way whereas psychodynamic theory deals wit h unconscious motivations and conflicts in ones head.Allport uses the imagination of personal disposition and the idiographic approach which focuses on studying one person at a time to explain that every human being possesses unique traits that create a personalised type of behaviour in a particular situation. He also specifies that traits are easy lay characteristics to a particular person alone which generates consistent and unique(predicate) behaviour patterns (Carducci, 2009). On the contrary, psychodynamic theorists focus on group behaviour and making comparisons in the midst of people while describing dynamic interactions between individuals (Jarvis, 2004). Thus one can affirm that the trait approach to personality focuses on predicting a specific individual behavior whereas psychodynamic theories centre on predicting typical behaviour of a group of people.Psychodynamic theorists believe that many of our actions depend on hidden beliefs and emotions. These unconscious forc es can bring a modify in an individuals behaviour and personality. When a person meets other individuals he involuntarily experiences a must to behave as they do in order to be accepted. Thus, he suppresses more(prenominal) of his tendencies to be more compatible with the norms of society (Collins ORourke, 2008). In contrast, an individuals behaviour is apparent to stay relatively consistent across a broad take off of situations over the course of time due to the enduring and stabilizing bear upon of traits (Mischel, 1996). Hence one can argue that trait theory focuses on constancy in personality while psychodynamic theory hints at change in personality.Trait researchers usually study the processes behind the behaviour relate with a specific trait. For example, some psychologists are keen in examining the underlying concerns of shy people which keep them away from the social world (Burger, 2010). all the same psychodynamic theories stress upon the importance of early childh ood experiences, the significance of repressed feelings and internal disputes between the conscious and unconscious forces that manipulate our thoughts and behaviour (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Therefore one can state that trait theory focuses on indentifying the mechanisms underlying behaviour while psychodynamic theory emphasizes on describing personality and predicting behaviour instead of explaining why people behave the way they do.Early research has shown that natural animal(prenominal) endowment is more important than environment in determining personality in the sense that it is not simply likely to produce a light or superficial impact on the image that an individual projects vis--vis others in the society but rather it is the prime factor which decides whether he or she will be favourably or unfavourably sensed by others in the community. However ownership of a specific trait does not guarantee success in a specific knowledge domain for example, honesty, self-confiden ce and the ability to motivate others are some of the few characteristics which witness pick outership. More recent research study showed that an individual possessing the traits mentioned above does not necessarily score high on leadership performance. Combination of both(prenominal) the leadership traits and management skills are needed to create effective leaders (Novick, Morrow Mays, 2007). On the other hand, Freuds psychodynamic theory emphasize hugely on the disputes between conscious and unconscious forces that manipulate our views and actions (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Thus one can require that trait theories integrate both the nature and nurture approach when shaping personality while psychodynamic theories commit mainly on the conscious and unconscious forces guiding an individuals behaviour.To conclude trait theorists are more concerned with indentifying individual characteristics which when combined can be used to describe personality. Proponents of the psychody namic theory rely heavily on the dynamic forces of the subconscious to explain the perceptions, and behaviours of individuals. These behaviours can lead people to behave in ways that are ineffective and sluice self-destructive (Mischel, 1996).