J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls - Eva Smiths Diary :: English Literature

AN INSPECTOR CALLSWonderful day today. Went down to Birling and Company to be maven of theworkers and I got the job. I am so excited. Im scratch line in two daysand Im seriously looking forward to it. At least I hope it would bemore exciting than the last one I tried. Mum was very excited and soam I as you can tell. Im already infering about that break I exithave next summer. Go to Blackpool, lie on the beach. By that time Imsure I would have saved up enough money to do all this because theytold me the money wasnt that much but it was better than nothing. Imsure it wouldnt be that bad - probably twenty-six shilling orsomething like that because the job looked somewhat hard.6/October/1909Working this few weeks is much better. At least now Im used to themachines and places. I was wondering the other day if Mr Birling wouldever spot around because Ive never seen him and I think its quitesilly when you think of it. Im working under a man Ive never seen.They say hes very pompous, an d barely comes down to see anybody. Allhe cares about is what has been done and what is needed. He haschildren too and his wife is cold hearted I hear - but come to thinkof it all upper class people are all so pompous-the question is why?I guess nobody is going to be up to(p) to answer that question. Even ifthere was going to be an answer, theyd probably say Because we aretrying to put you working class in your place I heard Mr Grainger oneof the men who worked there say that the other day to one of thegirls.11/November/1909Everyone is selfish with what they have nobody wants to share theirfortune, everybody has to walk their trend through poverty. Do peopleever think how the future is going to be? Are we all going to suffertill God comes and takes us a look? Will our generation suffer likethis? Before I have my children, I hope to have some one who loves meand maybe I would have saved more money then so my children dont gothrough so much. - the walk to the factory is going to be a languish waytoday because the normal short cut has been blocked for some reason sonow I have to take the long way around. Round the market which isabout 10minutes and then to the factory which will take me 15minutes

Ophelias Weakness Essay -- essays research papers

In classic works of literature, all characters view certain flaws, and Shakespeares tragedies characters in particular have faults that ultimately lead to their ruination. In Hamlet, Ophelias flaws eventually kill her.In the beginning of the play, it is clear through her thoughts and actions that that Ophelia is an obedient person. But upon closer inspection, the audience underside see that she is not merely an obedient, but completely dependent and weak character. In fact, her needy nature is unmistakable from the beginning. OPH I do not know, my lord, what I should think. POL Marry, I will teach you. Think yourself a baby (Act I, pic III, lines 105-106) Her cruel clashings with Hamlet, which go against her feelings for him, demonstrate her absolute obedience to her amaze. For example, from the start Ophelia told her father that she is fond of Hamlet My lord, he hath importuned me with love / In honorable fashion. (Act I, Scene IV, lines 111-112) In relating this to Polonius, s he implies that Hamlet is a decent and honorable man, and that she does have feelings for him. Ophelias subsequent actions sacrifice these personal feelings by order of her father, proving her total submission to his authority. Ophelia specifically agrees with her father not to see Hamlet again I shall obey, my lord (Act I, Scene IV, line 136) This shows that Polonius has complete control over his daughter, with her desire to please her father as the direct cause. Ophelia has an innate desi...

Cinematography in Godfather the Movie Essay examples -- Film Mario Puz

Mario Puzos The Godfather was the first and most influential gangster movie that paved the way for gangster movies of the future. The movie was directed by Frances Ford Copolla, who made humany different ingenious ways to portray this gangster classic. The movie was a very seditious movie, and one of the first of all time.The Godfather has a many different uses of set down settings through the whole movie, in which the movie can be interpreted on.The tinder in The Godfather, is very dim and is often said to be compared with a Rembrant. The inflaming suggest many things throughout the film like a painting. The light moving-picture shows in the movie are to portray the Corleone family as good people, someone you could relate to not look down upon. Such as the wedding scene. The scene is very happy and bright, to make you start off to think that the Corleones are loving family, and family minded people. The dim light in the film is utilize to induce fear and death. Such as the scene where Don Corleone gets shot, or when Mike is going to kill the two people in the restaurant. The scene that contradicts the lighting theory is the heart attack of Don Corleone, but it could be look at as a happy time, a time of rebirth, Michaels sexual climax into power.The Godfather, shows a tremendous amount of family values throughout the film. I think the best line in the film is when Don says to Mike A man who does not spend time with his family is not a man. A good example of the Corleones family value...

Blood In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

William Shakespeares play Macbeth is about a struggle for power in Scotland. Macbeth, the main character, gets prophecies from three witches about his future accomplishments that leave come to him. One of his prophecies is that Macbeth will become king, Macbeth hearing this he becomes ambitious and later kills the current King Duncan, making himself the new king. A tragic final result comes to Macbeth when the people leave him and his world collapses around him. Blood is a recurring theme in this play the theme of blood shows the setting of the play at that time and the different moods and emotions acquired by the characters. This idea of blood in the characters mind reverse from the beginning of the play to the end. Blood traverses the play Macbeth.King Duncan is the first to bring up blood in the play. Scotland at this time is fighting Norway Macbeth and his best friend, Banquo, lead the Scottish forces to victory. The blood brought up by Duncan shows the honor and the heroic de eds make by Macbeth. "What bloody man is that?" Duncan asked to which Malcolm tells him it is the sergeant who had saved him and fought honorably. The sergeant shares his story of how Macbeth has fought so honorably even outnumbered "carvd out his passage." This valiant story with the bloody sergeant being weak from his war injuries enhances Macbeths heroic appearance. Duncans response to the story shows his respect for Macbeth and realization of Macbeths honor, "O valiant cousin-german Worthy gentleman" Blood as it shows the good also shares the evil.Lady Macbeth portrays the evil side that blood offers to contrast with the good. Lady Macbeth hears from a messenger that the king shall dumbfound at the castle tonight. Lady Macbeth is the evil one of the pair while Macbeth seems full of good in this world Lady Macbeth sees opportunity. The only problem she finds wrongfulness with herself is that she is a woman she wishes that her weak female body change, & quotunsex me her, / and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ of direst cruelty" With this change she wants her blood to become thick, thick blood would armed service Lady Macbeth become strong and let her kill without regret, "make thick my blood, / stop up th access and passage to remorse." Macbeth soon finds out what the develop blood is to him.Macbeth after he has killed Duncan is in shock, h... ...ks, her maid and a doctor observe her. She rubs her hands together as if she was washing them. She continues to "wash" King Duncans blood away until she reminds herself of the bell she rang to summon her husband. "Out damned spot out, I say" When Lady Macbeth thought of Macbeth being king she thought that no one could oppose his power and killing Duncan wouldnt cause any harm to her. "What need we fear who knows it, what none can call our power to identify? Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him?" She althoug h adds that Duncan has a lot of blood and this reminds her of her guilt. This guilt plagues her and she is devastated in her dream when she realizes that, "Heres the smell of blood still all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand." Lady Macbeths perspective changed at this point on blood and she will later commit suicide.Imagery is a useful tool used by many authors. Shakespeare used "blood" as an image throughout his play to show the emotions and actions of characters as well as the mood for that part of the play. This imagery is useful because it describes the characters

US Army Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers fc

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENTINTRODUCTIONThroughout their military c arers military personnel will always face some type of inspection, whether its intragroup or external. Today, some units are inspected atleast four times a year in supply operations, for example, look across show Discipline Program, Command Inspection Program, Command Logistics Review Program, and maybe the Supply Excellence Award. How does the unit prepare for all these inspections? The unit faces many a(prenominal) great challenges. There are a lot of steps taken to prepare for inspections. There are many checklists to follow but not enough time and personnel to accomplish these many tasks. There are many subjects areas which, the unit must cover that might be inspected. AR 11-l (Command Logistics Review Program), AR 735-5 (Policies and Procedures for Property Accountability), DA PAM 710-2-l (Using Unit Supply System Manual Procedures), and AR 710-2 (Supply Policy Below the Wholesale Level) are the governing polic y documents and should be understood prior to an inspection. There are a lot of non value added procedures and many tasks that overlap, where in some cases the distribution of soldiers is not according to the need of each work place. There are many soldiers depute to tasks different from what 1 they are supposed to do, which results in no incentive for performing better. In other words, the soldiers consume their energy striving to overcome problems inhering in the supply system instead of trying to maximize the effectiveness of supply operations. A transformation in the supply operations in the units could be achieved by the adoption of a new management philosophy that could help provide greater efficiency. Currently, one of the most advanced philosophies in the managerial surface area is the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept. But how compatible is the TQM philosophy to the units under the current circumstances? Can the adoption of this concept help the units to overcome th eir problems? What changes are necessary for a successful implementation? There is a need to examine the applicability of the TQM concept to supply operations.PURPOSEThe purpose of this research is to quantify potential of TQM for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of supply inspections.What is Total Quality Management?Total Quality Management is the process of improving the organization accomplishment at every l... ... commanders and soldiers. For example, if there are areas of the inspection, convert five areas to TQM philosophy.BIBLIOGRAPHYA. BOOKSAguayo Rafael, Dr. Demins _ The American who taughtthe Japanese about Quality First. Carol Publishing Edition, 1990.Brocka, Bruce and M. Suzanne. Qualitv ManauementImplementinq the Best Ideas of the Masters. Richard D.Irwin, INC., 1992.Carman, Jamess M. "TQM as a Survival Strategy theSouthern Pacific Experience." California Manaqement Review,Spring 1993. pp. 118-132.Dessler, Gary "Managing Quality and Productivity " HumanResource Manauement Prentice-Hall, Inc., 6th edition,pp. 309-323.B. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONSPenDell Pittman and Pat OFarrel, "TransformingGovernment putt People and Quality First", Coverinq mthe Bases _ _ A 14 Step Guide to TQM Implementation (SixthAnnual National Conference on Federal Quality, July 20-23, 1993).joined States Office of Personnel Management, FederalTotal Qualitv Manaqement Handbook, (Federal QualityInstitute, May 1991).Research report, Total Qualitv Manaqement (TQM),An Overview, Anthony Coppola, Air Force Systems Command,September 1991, p. 7.

US Army Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers fc

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENTINTRODUCTIONThroughout their armed forces cargoners military personnel will always face some type of inspection, whether its internal or external. Today, some social units are inspected atleast four clock a year in supply operations, for example, Command Supply Discipline Program, Command Inspection Program, Command Logistics Review Program, and maybe the Supply Excellence Award. How does the unit prepare for all these inspections? The unit faces galore(postnominal) great challenges. There are a lot of steps taken to prepare for inspections. There are many checklists to follow but non enough time and personnel to accomplish these many tasks. There are many subjects areas which, the unit must cover that mightiness be inspected. AR 11-l (Command Logistics Review Program), AR 735-5 (Policies and Procedures for Property Accountability), DA PAM 710-2-l (Using Unit Supply System Manual Procedures), and AR 710-2 (Supply Policy Below the Wholesale Level) are th e governing policy documents and should be downstairsstood prior to an inspection. There are a lot of non value added procedures and many tasks that overlap, where in some cases the distribution of soldiers is not according to the call for of each work place. There are many soldiers assigned to tasks different from what 1 they are supposed to do, which results in no bonus for performing better. In other words, the soldiers consume their energy striving to overcome problems inherent in the supply system instead of trying to maximize the lastingness of supply operations. A transformation in the supply operations in the units could be achieved by the adoption of a new management philosophy that could care provide greater efficiency. Currently, one of the most advanced philosophies in the managerial field is the Total calibre Management (TQM) concept. But how compatible is the TQM philosophy to the units under the current circumstances? Can the adoption of this concept help the unit s to overcome their problems? What changes are necessary for a successful implementation? There is a need to examine the applicability of the TQM concept to supply operations.PURPOSEThe purpose of this research is to evaluate potential of TQM for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of supply inspections.What is Total superior Management?Total Quality Management is the process of improving the organization performance at every l... ... commanders and soldiers. For example, if there are areas of the inspection, convert five areas to TQM philosophy.BIBLIOGRAPHYA. BOOKSAguayo Rafael, Dr. Demins _ The American who taughtthe Japanese about Quality First. Carol Publishing Edition, 1990.Brocka, Bruce and M. Suzanne. Qualitv ManauementImplementinq the Best Ideas of the Masters. Richard D.Irwin, INC., 1992.Carman, Jamess M. "TQM as a Survival Strategy theSouthern Pacific Experience." California Manaqement Review,Spring 1993. pp. 118-132.Dessler, Gary "Managing Quality and Productivity" HumanResource Manauement Prentice-Hall, Inc., 6th edition,pp. 309-323.B. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONSPenDell Pittman and Pat OFarrel, "TransformingGovernment Putting People and Quality First", Coverinq mthe Bases _ _ A 14 feel Guide to TQM Implementation (SixthAnnual National Conference on Federal Quality, July 20-23, 1993).United States Office of Personnel Management, FederalTotal Qualitv Manaqement Handbook, (Federal QualityInstitute, May 1991). search report, Total Qualitv Manaqement (TQM),An Overview, Anthony Coppola, Air Force Systems Command,September 1991, p. 7.

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Dispute

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, or ANWR, is a refuge geared toward preserving national wildlife in northeastern Alaska. ANWR is about 19 zillion acres, in space, and contains a potential drilling spot for oil and petroleum. The potential drilling spot is a subatomic area known as the 10-02 Area. It is only 1. 5 million acres, or 8%, of ANWR, would even be considered for development (What is ANWR). The controversy surrounding ANWR is whether to drill or not to drill into the 10-02 area. Some people want to preserve the wilderness and to find more fuel-efficient technologies.Others want to lower gas prices and to create more line of reasoning opportunities. If the government decides to drill for oil, it could possibly lead to about 17 million barrels of oil, to last the United States for the next 20 years. According to the official ANWR website, Prudhoe verbalise is located 60 miles west of ANWR and has produced about 10 billion barrels of oil in the past 20 years. It is currentl y producing about 1. 4 million barrels a twenty-four hour period, but is slowly declining this induces the need for a new source. The northeastern part of ANWR is Americas best fortune in close another oil and gas field the size of Prudhoe Bay.The coastal plain of ANWR could produce up to 1. 5 million barrels of oil a day and would save the U. S. $14 billion a year in imports (Making the Case). 75% of Alaskans want to drill in the designated ANWR area, 10-02. They feel that it could possibly relieve Americans of their foreign habituation for imported oil and petroleum. The United States currently spends up to $330 billion on foreign oil imports, not including the money used to protect and acquire it. The descend area of area10-02 only amounts to 8% of ANWRs total area, which is 1. million acres. Out of the 1. 5 million acres considered for development, only 2,000 acres of the Coastal Plain would real be affected, which is less than half of one percent (Top Ten). boring in ANWR would alike create anywhere from 250,000 to 750,000 job opportunities, as well as an opportunity to better the economy. Drilling in ANWR also has no impact on wildlife. This can be proven by the fact that the Central Arctic reindeer Herd that migrates through Prudhoe Bay has grown from 3,000 to its current population of about 32,000 healthy caribou.The total amount of oil that is expected from ANWR estimates from 9 to 16 billion barrels (Making the Case). There is also an underside to drilling in ANWR. Although it would considerably lower gas prices, it would take approximately ten years for the oil to really reach the marketplace. Clara Tsang argues that instead of drilling in ANWR, the government should produce more energy-efficient technologies. She also states that during the peak of drilling, only 876,000 barrels of oil will be produced a day. That is not enough oil to significantly reduce world oil prices.She states that the 2000 acres designated for drilling, Area 10-02, only accounts for where the actual equipment will be, not including the areas of the oil reservoirs. Lastly, Tsang argues the remainder of moral and spiritual grounds for conserving a place for meditation and inspiration (Tsang). On the official website for the Defenders of Wildlife, it states that we shouldnt industrialize a natural treasure (Arctic National). It also states that if drilling became imminent that destroy the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea, the most sensitive area of the entire refuge.They believe in preserving the national wildlifes habitat, instead of tamper with an arctic, subarctic and boreal ecosystem (Wildlife Impacts). According to the ANWR official website, Louisiana can be greatly affected by drilling in ANWR. It would create approximately 14,800 jobs in module and facility construction, exploration, and production engineering. It also states that Louisiana has already been greatly affected by Prudhoe Bay. Since 1980, Louisiana has spent almost $400 mil lion in Prudhoe Bay. Also, over 850 Louisiana vendors are doing business in Alaskan oil fields.An example is the Prudhoe Bay gas expansion module GHX-2, produced in New Iberia, in 1994 (What Development). Drilling in ANWR could greatly benefit the United States. It could boost the economy, decrease foreign oil trade, lower oil prices worldwide and create about 750,000 jobs, passim the United States. On the other hand it could ruin ecosystems and tamper with wildlifes habitats, for a less than significant amount of oil. Either way a decision has to be made. Prudhoe Bay is steadily declining. The question is whether the government wants to ontinue paying the high price of foreign imports or drill at ANWR and potentially ruin delicate and ecologically sensitive ecosystems.Works Cited Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Defenders. org. 2008. Defenders of Wildlife. 19 Oct. 2008. . Making the Case for ANWR. ANWR. org 2008. Frontier Communications. 19 Oct. 2008. < http//www. anwr. org/Bac kground/Making-the-Case-for-ANWR. php>. Top Ten Reasons to Support ANWR Development. ANWR. org 2008. Frontier Communications. 19 Oct. 2008. < http//www. anwr. rg/ANWR-Basics/Top-ten-reasons-to-support-ANWR-development. php>. Tsang, Clara. Arguments Against Drilling in ANWR. 19 Oct. 2008. . What Development of Alaskas Arctic Coastal Plain Means to Louisiana. ANWR. org 2008. Frontier Communications. 19 Oct. 2008. . What is ANWR and Where is it? ANWR. org 2008. Frontier Communications. 19 Oct. 2008. < http//www. anwr. org/ANWR-Basics/What-is-ANWR-and-where-is-it. php>. Wildlife Impacts from Oil Drilling in the Refuge. Defenders. org. 2008. Defenders of Wildlife. 19 Oct. 2008. .

Essay over One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay

Through Ken Keseys exploration of a ability discourse within one flew over the cuckoos nest, he visibly highlights that every text has a purpose. The author comes up with a discourse of power, where it is shown throughout the characters, and through how society used to treat the mental illnesses at the time. In this book, society ideologies are challenged by the revolutionary mind of Ken Kesey, where within the influence of the beats, had different beliefs from everyone else at the socio-cultural context of the time.The characterisation in this bandage is carefully made by the author, where each character is built to represent a different thing for the audience and to challenge societys beliefs in the early 60s. For example, The characters of the Chief and McMurphy were placed to reinforce the beat beliefs and to show that illness for society at the time, wasnt really to be crazy, it was just to be a bit different from everyone else, challenging societys view of the insane. However , the character of nurse Ratched, represents society where it is the figure of power and control of the patients. Where, again it shows the power discourse within this book throughout nurses attitudes and beliefs.Chief Bromden is one of the main characters and also the narrator of this book he is a internal American that has been in the ward for human beingsy years, hes always been marginalized and dis empower and due this, he lost his voice and pretended to be deaf for the others. However, when McMurphy linked the ward, they became really close friends and slowly, the chief was getting his confidence and power back, he was being able to speak again, he was getting his strength back on and being himself again after years, Hed done what he utter, my arms were big again, big as they were in high school said chief about McMurphy. This reinforces Ken keyseys beliefs that if everyone was treated equally, there wouldnt be any mental illness, there would only be different hoi polloi i n certain ways.McMurphy is also one of the main characters in the plot, he is represented as an alpha male a bull goose lony, he is an antihero. As soon as he joins the ward, he gets the sympathize of most of the people, he helped people to get confidence back, he took place of a leader, and empowered people again (mainly the chief). He is seen as a Christ figure, he suffers for his friends and at the end he is sacrificed to open the gates for his friends. Ken kesey through this man explored the figure of power giver, where all men in the microcosm ward were disempowered due the nurse, and this man came in and changed it to the other way around, where reinforces the idea of power being the ascendency of people.One flew over the cuckoos nest represented society very well at the socio cultural context at the time, where it successfully shows the punt of empowerment and disempowerment of a macrocosm ambient (society) in a microcosm environment (the ward). Ken kesey through this book was able to show that society can be wrong and you have to stick up for your beliefs, because at the end of the day, the insane stopped being marginalized and changed societys view on the insane, which was the authors main objective.

How does Edgar Allan Poe keep the reader in suspence Essay

in the very startle sentence, Poe starts to build up the tension by verbalize True nervous very, very dreadfully nervous this repetitiveness builds up the tension, the word dreadfully gives the lector a clue that it is termination to build up to something bad. He then gives us a clue that he is a bit of a mad man by saying but wherefore will you say that I am mad? this automatically makes the lector suggest he is mad, but we dont be intimate why yet. The paper is being narrated by the send offer, and in the beginning, he really makes you interpret with him. You can really imagine this scary eye. He says whenever it knock down upon me, my blood ran c centenarian so he is really scared of this eye and you can relate and feel sorry for him.Poe talks about time throughout the story. He mentions when time is going slow, when time is going fast, and also he changes the pace, switching between slow and fast. These elements conduct to building the suspense. The slow build up bu ilds up tension, the slow, careful planning, and the eight-day sentences that drags it out as if the narrator is talk slowly and patiently. This becharms the reader thinking and anticipating something is going to happen. Examples of when Poe uses time in a slow manor is when he says I was never kinder to the former(a) man than during the whole week before I killed him so this shows that him killing this man is a slow, well planned, patient build up. He says that he was kind to the man for a whole week, so this must make water been planned for a while, so this whole process helps to build up suspense and get the reader anxious.Another deterrent pillowcase of Poe talking about time going slowly is when he says it took me an minute of arc to place my whole channelise within the opening this shows how slowly, careful and cautious he is being so he does not wake the man. This adds to the build up, taking a whole hour to open the door, which in a normal situation nobody could be this patient in taking this long to open a door. The next example of Poe mentioning time going slows is when he says a watchs minute hand moves more quickly than did mine again this shows how slowly time went, he compares a watches hand to his hand and says that even that was moving faster than what he was. So it is an example of this slow, patient build up that keeps the reader in suspense.As well as making references to time going slow, Poe also talks about time going fast, using shorter words and sentences, so the narrator is talking faster, so the pace changes to a much faster build up, so the reader anticipates something is about to happen. An example of this is when Poe says I talked more quickly so as the pace and suspense building up gets faster, so does the speed that the pillow slip is talking. As the beat of the heart builds up louder and louder so does pace at which the character speaks get faster and faster. Another example of this is when Poe says the noise steadily increased so the noise of the heart is increasing with the build up.The assorted paces represent the different parts of the story. The beginning of the story, slow creeping round, the planning and being cautious. The end of the story, fast, fear of being caught out, the sound of the heart.Poe uses repeat throughout the story. This is used for effect and empathise the point to the reader. An example of repetition is when he says I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiouslycautiously in this sentence he empathises the word cautiously he does this to get the point across to the reader of how cautiously he undid the lantern. Another example of when Poe uses repetitiveness is when he says louderlouderlouder this really empathises the heartbeat, and how loud it is and how it is building up, as he says louder individually time the heartbeat gets louder. So he really does empathise the word louder in this sentence. The third example that I have chosen from the text that shows repetiti on is when Poe says I moved it slowlyvery, very slowly in this phrase Poe repeats the word slow. So this gives a better effect than if Poe had of just verbalize very slowly. The repetition makes it sound as if he had done it even slower.Throughout the story Poe uses noises to arrive at tune in the story. Sounds create an atmosphere as they have an effect on the reader, and noises can really set the scene in the story. Or in some cases I can add to the suspense and scare readers as they can relate to these noises that may have happened in their own home and scared them. An example of Poe using noise to create a tense atmosphere is when he says hinges creaked this makes the read tense and keeps them in suspense as they are wondering what would be the old mans reaction if he heard this as he cannot see anybody so he is bound to be scared.Also when it says the hinge creeks, it gives you the impression that it is a creepy, old house, which adds to the atmosphere. The next example of s ound being used to create atmosphere is when Poe says it was the beating of the old mans heart so this really helps the reader picture the scene, it gives them I more imaginative view of whats happening. This noise really lets the reader know just really how scared the old man is, because they will know fro, their own experience that your heart races and becomes loud when youre scared.Poe describes everything in great detail this grips the reader and makes them feel involved in the story, rather like a film. Throughout the story, Poe uses words that would relate this story to and make it sound like a horror movie. Poe talks about death throughout the story, week before I kill him, death watches in the wall, because death, in approaching him, dead hour, yes, he was stone, stone dead and I must wow or die so these quotes mentioning death that are all through the story give the story a real horror effect, and it also grips the reader and makes them feel more involved. Another word rel ated to evil and the horror genre of this story and that is mentioned throughout the story is the talk of fear, Poe says mortal terror, the terrors that distracted me and uncontrollable terror so these quotes add to the effect that the story has on the reader.In the beginning of the story, Poe uses great descriptive language to describe the old mans eye. This helps influence the reader as it can help them to imagine the eye clearly and therefore make them feel more involved with the story and a bit sympathetic towards the finisher in the story. If the reader is involved with the story, then they will be able to feel the tension and suspense created throughout the story. introductory of all Poe starts by saying it haunted me day and night then goes onto say he had the eye of a vulture which really gives a good enough image as the reader should know what the vultures eye looks likescary.Then he says a pale blue eye, with a film over it so you can really imagine this pale blue vult ure eye, with a dull glaze over it. He then describes how the eye makes him feel whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold this is a great descriptive way of displaying to the reader how the eye makes him feel. The reader can really empathise with this sentence as they would have experienced this feeling themselves. So this makes the reader feel involved. So all these components help the reader imagine this really disgusting eye.Poe talks about the murder in great detail, which really makes it sound like a gruesome death. He does not just say he jumped on the man and killed him he described everything that happened, so the reader gets a good imaginative picture of what is happening. The fact that the murderer smiled gaily is really quite sickening as he is rather enjoying murdering this poor man. He even describes the man dying at length it ceased so he is talking about the sound of the mans heart, slowly decreasing. When the man is finally dead, he describes him as stone dead whi ch is a vulgar way of putting it.The story is written in first person narrative by the main character, and throughout the story he refers to the reader, as if he is talking to the reader you cannot imagine how stealthily, do you loot me well, will you say that I am mad? so he keeps referring to the reader as you, and asking the reader questions. This really involves the reader with the story, so again the reader is emotionally involved and really feels the suspense and tension built throughout the story. This is good and very effective as it allows Poe to talk of the murder in plenty of detail, and it also lets us know what the murderer is thinking and what his motive is for killing the man (the eye). The murderers feelings in this story is a vital factor as it lets us know how he has planned the murder, and also all the precautions he took leading up to the murder. It also allows Poe to describe the eye and get the reader to empathise with the murderer.I really enjoyed this story as I felt myself gripped and involved in it. So I could really feel the tension and the suspense, I was on the edge waiting for something to happen. I could really relate to the story and thats why I felt involved, because I could imagine this poor old man scared in bed and hearing strange noises, which scares anybody if they are in bed all alone. So the story was really exciting and sweet to read.

Carrie Chapter Twelve

Tommy suggested they stop at the Kelly Fruit by and by and grab a root beer and a burger. All the other kids would be divergence to Westover or Lewiston, and they would have the place to themselves. Carries face fit up, he verbalize. She told him that would be fine. Just fine.This is the girl they limit caning a monster. I want you to keep that firmly in mind. The girl who could be satisfied with a hamburger and a dime root beer after her save school dance so her momma wouldnt be worried.. .The first thing that struck Carrie when they walked in was Glamour. Not glamour but Glamour. Beautiful shadows rustled ab stunned in chiffon, lace, silk, satin. The air was redolent with the feel of flowers, the nose was constantly amazed by it. Girls in dresses with low backs, with scooped bodices showing actual cleavage, with Empire waists. Long skirts, pumps. Blinding white dinner jackets, cumberbunds, black office that had been spitshined.A few people were on the dance floor, not many y et, and in the soft revolving gloom they were wraiths with bug out substance. She did not really want to see them as her classmates. She wanted them to be beautiful strangers.Tommys hand was firm on her elbow. The murals nice, he verbalise.Yes, she agreed faintly.It had taken on a soft nether light down the stairs the orange spots, the boatman leaning with eternal indolence against his tiller while the sunset blazed roughly him and the buildings conspired together over urban waters. She knew with suddenness and ease that this outcome would be with her always, within hands reach of memory.She doubted if they all sensed it they had seen the world-but even George was silent for a minute as they envisioned, and the scone, the smell, even the sound of theband playing a faintly recognizcapable movie theme, was locked forever in her, and she was at peace. Her soul knew a moments calm, as if it had been uncrumpled and smoothed under an iron.V George yelled suddenly, and led Frieda out on to the floor. He began to do a sarcastic jitterbug to the old-timey big-band music, and someone catcalled over to him. George blabbered, leered, and went into a brief arms-crossed Cossack routine that nearly landed him on his butt.Carrie make a faced. George is funny, she said. undisputable he is. Hes a good guy. There are lots of good people around. Want to sit down?Yes, she said gratefully.He went back to the introduction and returned with Norma Watson, whose hair had been pulled into a huge, teased explosion for the affair.Its on the other SIDE, she said, and her bright gerbels eyes picked Carrie up and down, looking for an exposed strap, an eruption of pimples, any news to remove back to the door when her errand was done. Thats a LOVELY dress, Carrie. Where did you EVER get it?Carrie told her while Norma led them around the dance floor to their table. She exuded odours of Avon soap, Woolworths perfume, and Juicy Fruit gum.There were deuce folding chairs at the table (loop ed and beribboned with the inevitable crepe paper), and the table itself was decked with crepe paper in the school colours. On top was a candle in a wine bottle, a dance programme, a tiny gilded pencil, and both party favours gondolas filled with Planters Mixed Nuts.I cant get OVER it, Norma was saying. You look so DIFFERENT. She cast an odd, furtive look at Carries face and it made her feel nervous. Youre positively GLOWING. Whats your SECRET?Im Don MacLeans secret lover, Carrie said. Tommy sniggered and quickly smo in that locationd it. Normas smile slipped a notch, and Carrie was amazed by her own wit and audacity. Thats what you looked corresponding when the joke was on you. As though a bee had stung your rear end. Carrie found she wish Norma to look that way. It was distinctly unchristian.Well, I have to get back, she said. Isnt it EXCITING, Tommy? Her smile was sympathetic Wouldnt it be exciting if-Cold sweat is running down my thighs in rivers, Tommy said gravely.Norma lef t with an odd, puzzled smile. It had not gone the way things were supposed to go. Everyone knew how things were supposed to go with Carrie. Tommy sniggered again.Would you like to dance? he asked.She didnt know how, but wasnt ready to accommodate to that yet. Lets just sit for a minute.While he held out her chair, she saw the candle and asked Tommy if he would light it. He did. Their eyes met over its flame. He reached out and took her hand. And the band played on.From The Shadow Exploded (pp. 133-134)Perhaps a comp allowe study of Carries mother will be undertaken someday, when the subject of Carrie herself becomes more academic. I myself ability attempt it, if only to gain access to the Brigham, family tree. It might be extremely interesting to know what odd occurrences one might come across two or three generations backAnd there is, of course, the knowledge that Carrie went home on Prom Night. Why? It is hard to tell just how sane Carries motives were by that time. She may hav e gone for absolution and forgiveness, or she may have gone for the express purpose of committing matricide. In any event, the physical evidence seems to indicate that Margaret etiolated was waiting for herThe house was completely silent.She was gone.At wickedness.Gone.Margaret White walked slowly from her bed dwell into the living room. First had come the flow of blood and the filthy fantasies the Devil send with it. indeed this hellish Power the Devil had given to her. It came at the time of the blood and the time of hair on the body, of course. Oh, she knew about the Power. Her own grandmother had it. She had been able to light the fireplace without even stirring from her rocker by the window. It made her eyes glow with(thou shalt not suffer a witch to live)a lovely of witchs light. And sometimes, at the supper table the sugar bowl would whirl madly like a dervish. Whenever it happened, Gram would cackle crazily and drool and make the sign of the barbarous Eye all around her. Sometimes she panted like a dog on a hot day, and when she died of a heart attack at sixty-six, ancient to the point of idiocy even at that early age, Carrie had not even been a year old. Margaret had gone into her bedroom not four weeks after Grams funeral and there her girl-child had lain in her crib, laughing and gurgling, watching a bottle that was dangling in thin air over her head.Margaret had almost killed her whence. Ralph had stopped her.She should not have let him stop her.Now Margaret White stood in the middle of the living room. Christ on Calvary looked down at her with his wounded, suffering, reproachful eyes. The Black Forest repeat clock ticked. It was ten minutes after eight.She had been able to feel, actually feel the Devils Power working in Carrie. It crawled all over you, lifting and pulling like evil, vellicate little fingers. She had set out to do her duty again when Carrie was three, when she had caught her looking in sin at the Devils slut in the next yar d over. Then the stones had come, and she had weakened. And the power had risen again, after thirteen years. immortal was not mocked.First the blood, then the power,(you sign your name you sign it in blood)now a son and dancing and he would take her to a roadhouse after, take her into the parking lot, take her into the back seat, take her Blood, fresh blood. Blood was always at the root of it, and only blood could expiate it.She was a big woman with massive upper arms that had swarfed her elbows to dimples, but her head was surprisingly small on the end of her strong, corded neck. It had once been a beautiful face. It was still beautiful in a weird, zealous way. notwithstanding the eyes had taken on a strange, wandering cast, and the lines had deepened cruelly around the denying but oddly weak mouth. Her hair, which had been almost all black a year ago, was now almost white.The only way to kill sin, original black sin, was to drown it in the blood of(she must be sacrificed)a repe ntant heart. Surely God understood that, and had laid His finger upon her. Had not God Himself commanded Abraham to take his son Isaac up upon the mountain?She shuffled out into the kitchen in her old and splayed slippers, and opened the kitchen utensil drawer. The knife they used for gondolaving was long and sharp and bowed in the middle from constant honing. She sat down on the high stool by the counter, found the sliver of whetstone in its small aluminium dish, and began to set off it along the gleaming edge of the blade with the apathetic, fixated attention of the damned.The Black Forest cuckoo clock ticked and ticked and finally the bird jumped out to call once and promulgate eight-thirty.In her mouth she tasted olives.THE SENIOR CLASS PRESENTS SPRING BALL 79May 27,1979 Music by The Billy Bosman, BandMusic by Josie and the Moonglows amusementCabaret Baton Twirling by Sandra Stenchfield500 MilesLemon TreeMr Tambourine ManFolk Music by John Swithen and Maureen Cowan The Stre et Where You LiveRaindrops Keep Fallin on My HeadEwen High School Chorus link Over Troubled WatersCHAPERONESMr Stephens, Miss Geer, Mr and Mrs Lublin, Miss DesjardinCoronation at 1000 P.M.Remember, its YOUR prom make it one to remember alwaysWhen he asked her the third time, Carrie had to acquiesce that she didnt know how to dance. She didnt add that, now that the rock band had taken over for a half-hour set, she would feel out of place gyrating on the floor.(and sinful)yes, and sinful.Tommy nodded, then smiled. He leaned forward and told her that he hated to dance. Would she like to go around and visit some of the other tables? Trepidation rose thickly in her throat, but she nodded. Yes, that would be nice. He was seeing to her. She must see to him (even if he really did not expect it) that was part of the deal. And she felt dusted over with the enchantment of the evening. She was suddenly hopeful that no one would stick out a foot or slyly paste a kick-me-hard sign on her back or suddenly turn out water in her face from a novelty carnation and retreat cackling while everyone laughed and pointed and catcalled.And if there was enchantment, it was not divine but pagan.Carrie? a voice said hesitantly.She had been so wrapped up in watching the band and the dance floor and the other tables that she hadnt seen anyone coming at all. Tommy had gone to get them punch.She turned around and saw Miss Desjardin.For a moment the two of them merely looked at each other, and the memory travelled between them, com(she saw me she saw me naked and screaming and bloody)without words or thought. It was in the eyes.Then Carrie said shyly You look very pretty, Miss Desjardin.She did. She was dolled up in a glimmering silver sheath, a perfect complement to her blonde hair, which was up. A simple pendant hung around her neck. She looked very young, young enough to be attending rather than chaperoning.Thank you. She hesitated, then put a gloved hand on Carries arm. You are beautifu l, she said, and each word carried a peculiar emphasis.Carrie felt herself blushing again and dropped her eyes to the table. Its atrociously nice of you to say so. I know Im not not really but thank you anyway.Its true, Desjardin said. Carrie, anything that happened before well, its all forgotten. I wanted you to know that.I cant forget it, Carrie said- She looked up. The words that rose to her lips were I dont blame anyone any more. She bit them off. It was a lie. She blamed them all and always would, and she wanted more than anything else to be honest. But its over with. Now its over with.Miss Desjardin smiled, and her eyes seemed to catch and hold the soft mix of lights in an almost liquid sparkling. She looked across toward the dance floor, and Carrie followed her gaze.I remember my own prom, Desjardin said softly. I was two inches taller than the boy I went with when I was in my heels. He gave me a corsage that clashed with my gown. The tailpipe was broken on his car and th e engine made oh, an awful racket But it was magic, I dont know why. But Ive never had a date like it, ever again. She looked at Carrie. Is it like that for you?Its very nice, Carrie said.And is that all?No. Theres more. I couldnt tell it all. Not to anybody.Desjardin smiled and squeezed her arm. Youll never forget it, she said. Never.I think youre right.Have a lovely time, Carrie.Thank you.Tommy came up with two Dude cups of punch as Desjardin left, walking around the dance floor toward the chaperones table.What did she want? he asked, putting the Dude caps down carefully.Carrie, looking after her, said I think she wanted to say she was sorry.(momma untie your apron strings im getting big)and she wanted it that way.Look, he said as they got up.Two or three stagehands were sliding the King and Queen thrones from the wings while Mr Lavoie, the head custodian, directed them with hand motions toward preset marks on the apron. She thought they looked quite Arthurian, those thrones, dre ssed all in blinding white, strewn with real flowers as well as huge crepe banners.Theyre beautiful, she said.Youre beautiful, Tommy said, and she became quite sure that nothing bad could happen this night perhaps they themselves might even be voted King and Queen of the Prom. She smiled at her own folly.It was nine oclock.Sue Snell sat quietly in the living room of her house, hemming a dress and listening to the Jefferson Airplane Long John Silver album. It was old and badly scratched, but soothing.Her mother and father had gone out for the evening. They knew what was deviation on, she was sure of that, but they had spared her the bumbling talks about how proud they were of Their Girl, or how glad they were that she was finally Growing Up. She was glad they had decided to leave her alone, because she was still ill-fitting about her own motives and afraid to examine them too deeply, lest she discover a jewel of selfishness glowing and winking at her from the black velvet of her s ubconscious.

Employee Training & Career Development Paper Essay

every(prenominal) business today penurys to hire, motivate and train the almost qualified employees. Every company wants to utilize these employees and place them in departments that are best suited for them and the companys needs. This chatterms like an impossible goal however, this is goal is what many gay Resources departments do on an everyday basis. Human Resources provide this connection to pay heed in employee development to utilize each employees talent. Human Resources put forth the effort to increase employee improvements by providing training and development opportunities for employees to look for promotions within the organization. Job shadow involves an employee following a nonher employee while playacting their transmission line to see what the job is all ab step forward. Job shadowing gives personnel chances to see first-hand the genuine job duties involved and the skill that is needed to perform the job themselves. (Wise Geek, 2011). Job shadowing works well as an in-house strategy to help distribute knowledge more largely in a company which, in turn, helps avoid job silos from starting and helps employees increase their expertise and skills to make their work experience more profound and pleasant.Job satisfaction plays an extremely signifi flockt role in workforce retention. (Wise Geek, 2011). Job switching is comparable to job shadowing and just like shadowing it prepares the workforce of tomorrow. It allows employees learn about different job opportunities within an agency, and it is most beneficial for stateing extra job skills for employees who want to increase their knowledge through added training opportunities. It also assists in generating job back-up sources for essential positions within the company. Employees who want to learn about other jobs within the company or a different department basically switch jobs for a certain amount of snip to learn more about distinctive jobs and how those different jobs intermingle to a chieve company goals. (Wise Geek, 2011). Monitoring employees is another way to assist in employee development. Managers observe how an employee is improvementing in their day to day tasks.This gives the manager an idea about how well the employee is progressing. Monitoring can help managers decide on what trainings are mostuseful. It assists the managers to gain a relationship with the employee while giving on going feedback. It shows an employee that the manager cares about the success of the employee. If a manager did not monitor and give feedback it will thus show a lack of interest and the employee will inherit that type of attitude as well. (Wohner, 2011). Many companies face the task of employee development with developing greater confidence, creativity, solutions-finding, and problem solving abilities amongst their employees. Companies need employees at all levels to be more adequate, ingenious, imaginative and independent. This attitude allows employees to perform at high er tactical level, which makes their company more industrious and aggressive. Employees efforts will create bigger results. Its what all companies make every effort to succeed. (Levine, 2011).For many companies these methods above would assist in fate a company be competitive and successful. However, these methods will not assist an employee to gain courage, maintain a belief in the company and these methods will not help in the maturity of the employee. This is where a company needs to focus on the ainity of the employee and not the skills that the job requires. Every employee has a different personality, if a company y can recognize that then they can build up the confidence in their employees. For myself, managers who tell me that they believe I can do it really does not motivate me, they sound more like my mother. If a manger praises my work after I finish a project, then I become more motived to do the best I can. It is all about identifying different personalities. (Levine, 2011). Companies need to deliver learning and experiences that their employees would like for their own individual interest, progress and satisfaction.Performance and proficiency are reliant on the employees attitude and emotional maturity. Companies can help their employees to accomplish what they want on a personal level, and this offers a stage for trust, emotional contracting with the organization, and following skills, processing, knowledge growth pertinent to managing higher responsibilities, and teams. (About.com, 2011). The company that I work for has a political program they offer every January call the Fellows Program. This is a program that is offered to college student who are in the junior or senior year. This program allows the student to see opportunities that Olympus is offering. College students can assume for a job within the company, however there is a catch. A collegestudent must take a job for two old age. Within those years they are assigned a department for 6 months. After those 6 months the college student is moved to another department and this is the process for two years. By performing this program, Olympus is grooming their future employees.Most of these college students start to gain relationships and they become comfortable after working with us for two years. Most of the Fellows will stay with the company. This program is successful for the student who did not have to look for a job after graduating, and the company gains an employee that they molded to become successful. In my own career development, I was told early on that if people want to help or give suggestions to me then take it. I tried to act like a bum around and soak up all the information that I possibly could, and I still do to this day. If I am struggling with a project and an employee wants to assist me I allow it. I watch how they perform and I ask questions. I find that this way of learning is where I become most successful.You can tell me how to perform a t ask all you want however, if you take the time to show me, I will then pick up the knowledge of the task in half the time. Whenever I am offered training I make sure I sign up for it. Sometimes it has been difficult to play constructive feedback however through time I have learned to deal with it. In 5 years I would like to see myself out of the corporation I work for. I really like working for small companies, these bigger corporations tend to treat employees like numbers. When I worked for a little company I knew who had kids, who was still in school, who just got married, it was a personal experience. The corporation I work for looks at employees as numbers, not people.ReferencesAbout.com. (2011). ..Training, Development, and Education for Employees. Retrieved from http//humanresources.about.com/od/training/Training_Development_and_Education_for_Employees.htm Levine, L. (2011). Strengthen Your Business by Developing Your Employees. All Business. Retrieved from http//www.allbusi ness.com/human-resources/employee-development/1240-1.html Wise Geek. (2011). What is Job Shadowing?. Retrieved from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-job-shadowing.htm Wohner, N. (2011). How to Monitor Employee Performance. eHow. Retrieved from

Miracles – Philosophy

Philosophy- A belief in miracles leads to the concept of a god who favors close to but non exclusively his creation The problem with miracles is that it can non be properly designated which recollects there is no absolute meaning for a meaning, instead my philosophers have attempted to define miracles in their own way. In these definition they be usually for or against the existence of miracles, for example take two contrasting definitions Ward and Hume. Ward says miracles be events which god substitutes because he only retires the consequences of the action.On the other hand, Hume is a philosopher who is totally against the idea of miracles, he says miracles do not exist because they violate the laws of nature. Knowing this, god cannot step in because he would violate the laws of nature, hu mans have faith in experience and trust the laws this would be lost if miracles were deemed true. Another philosopher would had a problem with miracles was a man called Wiles. He basica lly said, to say god carries out these miraculous events is to say god is guilty of obituary and partisan.Any event where the natural flow is violated for a certain people raises the issue of fairness and consistency. Wiles also said the two idea of having an all loving god and the existence of miracles are two irreconcilable ideas so its easier to believe that god is all loving and reject the idea of miracles. If this was in reverse and miracles existed and god could intervene then why didnt he intervene is horrific events such as Auschwitz or Hiroshima instead he saves one persons life, this seems unfair and a contradiction of an all loving god.As for biblical miracles Wiles said we moldiness take them in a symbolic sense rather than a literal sense. A strength of Wiles it that allows educated believers to keep faith with god and asseverate their faith in natural laws. Many people agreed with what Wiles was saying for example a man called Bultman agreed that the miracles explai ned in the bible are not there to take literal, he says we get the true message behind the miracle if we demythologize them.For example he turned water into wine to prevent the overplus of the hosts which shows his care and wisdom. To believe that god favors some more than others through the existence of miracles is wrong, who says its god that these events originates? We have no evidence to suggest this, just because we cannot find this would doesnt mean we have to point it to god. Holland was another philosopher who didnt believe in the concept of miracles, well the name miracle he thought that they were more of a coincidence.He used the analogy of the train, what is some one was stuck on the track and the train had stopped right in front of the person, some people may call this a miracle but when we know the full picture someone in the train may have accidentally pressed the emergency stop or the driver could have passed out. So the concept of the whole miracles thing may just b e one big coincidence. Looking at Hollands view it would make god impoverished of being arbitrary and partisan, this is because these events are just coincidences it has nothing to do with god.As mentioned earlier, Hume was a man who rejected the idea of miracles due to being a violation of the laws of nature. Hume believes strongly in experiences and what we gain from them, as for this situation, the laws are something we have learnt about and follow. So when something happens that goes against these we deem them coming from god because we cannot define or justify them. totally in all, Hume says the alert of miracles comes from the ignorant and barbarous nations. Knowing this, God would also be innocent because it is not god who intervenes so its not him which favors some and not others.There are events that are unexplained so they must come from some where, lets say for arguments sake tat they come from god. Us as humans are not on his level therefore we cannot say or he is thi s or that, he may have a reason and we would find out when we die. All the events that are unexplained may paint a bigger picture but humans are outside of god knowledge and experience so we cannot really judge god. Irenaous was a philosopher who looked at the problem of evil, he would say god is being cruel to be kind and making humans into the pick up of god, this because events like miracles change people.To develop these emotions naturally have more significance than being drilled in at birth by god. Overall, I cerebrate that God does not favor some people over others. My reasons for this is because we cannot define miracle we can only speculate on what we think, for this reason how can we act upon such uncertainty? Also we cannot judge god because we have no knowledge of him or what he has planned, only him and him only knows the repercussions of his actions.

Influence to Hong Kong as an International Logistics Hub

pic Influence to Hong Kong as an international logisticals hub under the role model pledge on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co- deed Influence to Hong Kong as an international logistics hub under the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong nd Guangdong Co-operation cvnru1ulicenen6. iewst4d)0/su18. 4h06k244-055322175 (on ABSTRACT On 7 April 2010, The Chief Executive, Mr Donald Tsang, and the Governor of Guangdong Province, Mr Huang Huahua, signed the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation. The Framework Agreement builds on long time of closely co-operation betwixt Hong Kong and Guangdong. This report reviews the development of Co-operation Agreement between Guangdong and Hong Kong and the implementation of Hong Kongs logistics assiduity based on the agreement.To fully understand this Framework Agreement, we look for the challenges confronting Hong Kong as an international logistic hub and eventually acquire some benefits through the co-operation of Hong K ong and Guangdong. REVIEW THE DEVELOPMENT OF CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN PEARL RIVER DELTA AND HONG KONG The Main province and Hong Kong Closer Economic confederation Arrangement CEPA (signed on June 2003) CEPA introduced liberalization measures for various Hong Kong palliateer suppliers.Logistics industry is one of the Hong Kong divine service suppliers and recognized to unbending up wholly-owned enterprises in mainland to pass on logistics, international incumbrance forwarding, storage, warehousing, road transport and shipping services. This arrangement not only provided opportunities to Hong Kong logistics companies to access mainland market but also liberated trade in goods and trade in services between mainland and Hong Kong.Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Co-operation Framework Agreement (signed on June 2004) The Pearl River Delta office(PRD), as known as 9+2, which includes Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hong Kong and Macau. down the stairs this agreement, the Pearl River Delta region cooperated closely and intensively in infrastructure, trade, industry, ratement and different sectors. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau lay down entered a unfermented stage of economic integration. Pan-Pearl River Delta Logistics Development Co-operation Agreement (signed on July 2005) Logistics industry acts as an important role in economic development.This agreement aimed to strengthen the coordination on logistics planning logistics and transport system logistics information system and human resources development and technical innovation. It was a remarkable stage of model logistics development in PRD. Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation (signed on July 2010) To continue the implementation of CEPA, the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation clearly defined the social economic development between Hong Kong and Guangdong.It elicitd Hong Kongs position as an internat ional fiscal centre and hurryd the development of pecuniary services industries in Guangdong it also facilitated the function of key factors much(prenominal) as people, goods, information and swell across the demarcation to build an international breeze, shipping and logistics hub and a world- mannequin modern economic circulation sphere. A series of environmental protection plans have been carried out to create a high quality living area among the PRD.CO-OPERATION INITIATIVES ON CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF GOODS The Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation has included infrastructure projects to prove logistics development and communication and cross-boundary development. To achieve the facilitation of the flow of goods across the boundary, Hong Kong and Guangdong have put forward a turning of specific policies and measures. Hong Kong authorities advocated the standardization of the information and data required by the customs of the mainland.Hong Kong first l aunched the electronic itinerary commitment System (ROCARS) in May 2010 to enable circular-knit clearance of road cargoes. With this new electronic information platform and building on the existence of mutual co-operation and benefit, Hong Kong and Mainland customs duty are able to make boost contribution to enhance customs clearance efficiency and facilitate cross-boundary movement of goods. avenue Cargo System (ROCARS) The present customs clearance arrangement at land boundary control points (LBCP), a truck driver has to stop first at an Immigration kiosk and then a customs kiosk.He delivers a paper manifest which contains relevant cargo information at the latter to a Customs officer who determines on the spot whether physical inspection is necessary. It needs to wait for a moment until it is approved by the Customs. ROCARS allows Customs Officers to perform risk pen before a truck arrives at LBCP. A shipper or agent needs to provide cargo data in eight fields to the Cust oms and Excise Department (C&ED) electronically before the cargo enters or exits Hong Kong by truck. Meanwhile, the shipper or agent receives a customs reference number for his consignment.The driver of a laden truck needs to report to C&ED within 30 minutes before his truck arriving LBCP, together with the customs reference number of the consignment concerned received from the shipper and his vehicle registration number. If it is not selected by the Customs, no physical inspection is required. Benefits of ROCARS ROCARS allows the Customs officers conduct risk profiling on every cargo consignment in advance and determine whether a truck needs to be inspected. All cross-boundary trucks, except those are selected for inspection, they enjoy seamless customs clearance at the land boundary.It increases the efficiency and shortens the time for customs clearance of road cargoes it also ensures a shine flow of land boundary traffic. For the transportation and logistics industry, many truck drivers deliver a loaded container from chinaware factory via Hong Kong and the goods are to be transshipped overseas by liner vessel. ROCARS push aside enhance speedy and secure movement of cargoes between Hong Kong and China. As a result, cargoes can be delivered on time to liner vessel stably and reliable. It encourages the development of Hong Kong as an international logistics hub.COLLABORATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY To facilitate information flow and service integration towards Hong Kong and Mainland, Hong Kong started to develop and operate the digital Trade and imparting profits (DTTN) on 2005. The aim of DTTN is to lower the barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to enjoy e-commerce it provides Hong Kong and the PRD with an e-infrastructure to secure the regions place as a leading international logistics hub. digital Trade and Transportation Network (DTTN)DTTN is an e-platform to wed the organizations in trading, logistics and f iscal industries and to enable them to exchange business documents electronically with their trading partners. It supports the whole supplying mountain chains, including Sellers and Buyers, Carriers, Freight Forwarders, Terminals, establishment and Agencies, Inspection Agencies, Insurance Institutions and Banking Institutions it provides a wide range of services on message routing and transformation, data inheritance, statistical and analytical reporting.Over 80 major documents such as Purchase or Sales order, Packing list, Shipping order, House waybill, Customs clearance or Letter of Creditetc can be supported by DTTN service which facilitates the information flow and service integration on trading, logistics, finance, import and export businesses. Benefits of DTTN DTTN enables new business opportunities for logistic service providers to provide value-add services Hong Kong logistics industry can compete as premium service leader on high quality value-added services rather than merely competing on cost.Logistics information flow is one of the key factors for the companies to achieve success. DTTN help to maximize the benefits of e-logistics by utilizing a cost effective infrastructure. It is a neutral, secure and reliable e-platform for trading and logistics communities which can smooth the whole international logistics operation and improve our competitiveness. It further promotes regional integration and enhances the supply-chain efficiency. IMPLEMENTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSWith an excellent infrastructure and telecommunications facilities, a well conventional financial and healthy system, a good international connections and a free market for trading. Hong Kong enjoys a number of competitive advantages in developing logistic industry. Facing the rapid growth of logistics development in Guangdong province, to strengthen Hong Kongs position as an international logistic hub, HKSAR Government is urged to develop a closer corporation between Hong K ong and PRD.The Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation which specified several policies on expediting the construction of cross-boundary highway, track consociates and ancillary works building a high class navigation network in PRD improving the mechanism of the five major airports in the PDR proactively seeking national support for enlarging the air space in the PDR bread and butter the gentle wind status of each airport, building a network of short-haul helicopter services in the PRD. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)The HMZB project connects Hong Kong, Macau and the major cities in PRD, there leave be a loop of high speed linkage among Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Guangxi, Hainan and other south westbound part of mainland. (Figure 1. ) pic Figure 1 Retrieved from Highway Department http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf It consists of tercet pricks (Figure 2). The western section is a link r oad within Zhuhai and the Zhuhai-Macao Boundary Crossing Facilities (ZMBCF). TheZhuhai Link Road will connect ZMBCF to the inland area of Zhuhai. The nub section is the HZMB Main Bridge. pic Figure 2 Retrieved from Highway Department http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf The eastern section is within Hong Kong, there will be a Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR) to connect the HZMB Main Bridge to the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF). Meanwhile, the tunnel of HKLR will also connect Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) to the HKBCF.HKBCF will serve as a strategic multi-model transportation hub, HKBCF will include construction cargo and rider related facilities, public transport interchange, open road tolling system and some Government buildings will be set up in there. It is believed that the HMZB will scram more road haulage service between Hong Kong and mainland, in connection with the bridge, a highway is to be bui lt to connect Tuen Mun and Chek Lap Lok( TMCLK Link and the Tuen Mun Western Bypass) in order to meet the traffic demand between Northwest modernistic Territories (NWNT) and North Lantau via HKBCF. (Figure 3) picFigure 3 Retrieved from Highway Department http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf Impacts of the HZMB The go between Hong Kong and the Western PRD can be shortened to within three hours, it will take approximately 30mins from Zhuhai to Hong Kong International Airport which will significantly reduce the cost and time for passenger and good flow between Hong Kong and the Western PRD. In addition, the HZMB will bring tremendous benefit to Hong Kong, the Mainland and Macao in the areas of economic development, tourism, finance, logistics and ultural exchange. Hong Kongs logistics industry will not only be able to get more business in the PRD but also extend their services into the inland area of the Mainland including the resource-rich Sichuan Province. Hence, it further enhances Hong Kongs status as an international transportation and aviation hub. Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western hold Line (WEL) To promote the development of Qianhai and NWNT and enhance the co-operation between the two airports in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, there will be a cross boundary railway, WEL, to connect the western part of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, including the two airports.From now the mainland destinations of HKIA mainly are the mainland cities far away from Hong Kong such as Shanghai and Beijing. Facing the rapid economic development in Mainland, the demand for domestic flights will continue to increase there will be the same demand of international flights of international transit flight via Hong Kong. It is believed that WEL helps to connect the two airports between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, it will help the two cities in achieving a win-win situation by complementing each other and enhancing competitiveness. Guangzhou-Shenz hen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL)To expedite the construction of various cross-boundary transport infrastructures between Hong Kong and Mainland, XRL will connect Hong Kong with the Mainlands national high-speed railway network which will significantly reduce the locomote time. XRL is an express rail to link up Hong Kong with Guangzhou via Futian and Longhua in Shenzhen and Humen in Dongguan. The terminus in Guangzhou will be located at Shibi, which is the centre of the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area. The Mainland section of XRL will start from Shibi and enter Hong Kong via Huanggang. (figure 4) pic Figure 4 Retrieved from Legislative Council brief http//legco. gov. k/yr09-10/side/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp1022-thb200910a-e. pdf The Hong Kong Section is started from Huangguan, there will be an thermionic valve railway running from Huanggang to West Kowloon Terminus at the West Kowloon District, and between the Airport Express Kowloon Station and the West Rail Austin St ation. pic Figure 5 Retrieved from Legislative Council brief http//legco. gov. hk/yr07-08/ position/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp-thbtcr11658199-e. pdf Impacts of the XRL XRL is vitally important to Hong Kong. It will connect Hong Kong with the Mainlands national high-speed railway network and significantly reduce the journey time.A trip between Hong Kong and Shibi on the XRL will only take 48 minutes, to Wuhan in five hours, and to Shanghai and Beijing in about eight and 10 hours respectively. The XRL will terminate at the New Guangzhou Passenger Terminus at Shibi in Guangzhou. Shibi, together with the stations at Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, are designated as the cardinal major national railway passenger hubs of the Mainland. The Terminus is planned to become a mega transport hub. Hence, XRL will help reinforce Hong Kongs status as a transport, financial and commercial hub of China.It will support the sustained growth of our four traditional economic pillars Financial services, tourism, logistics, business support and professional services. CONSOLIDATING HONG KONGS DEVELOPMENT AS AN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AND LOGISTICS CENTRE Positioning of Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA) HKIA is the words busiest cargo airport, it has handled a record high of 4. 13 jillion tonnes of cargo in 2010. To meet the anticipated growth in demand, a new air cargo terminal is being constructed and is expected to commence operation in early 2013 the cargo-handling capacity will be increased.In long term, building a third runway is necessary to meet the forecast growth of passenger and cargo handling up to 2030. It will maintain the competitive edge of Hong Kong as an international and regional aviation centre. In view of increasing aircraft movements in PRD region, air routes and airspace open for civil aviation are insufficient, flights on many air routes have to make an additional detour or gasify to a certain flight level to ensure safety, it increased the flight time an d flight delay in Mainland is always happened from time to time.To meet the aviation development needs and strengthen the economies between Hong Kong and Mainland, HKSAR government has to formulate a development plan for future air spaces capacity of the HKIA as well as the positioning of HKIA in accordance with its function as mentioned in the Framework Agreement to avoid the traffic congestion in the airspace over the PRD region. Measures to enhance the maritime ports competitiveness To reinforce Hong Kongs position as a renowned international maritime centre and it is believed that a well established international business and maritime network is necessary.With regard to port expansion, HKSAR Government is looking for the right location for Container Terminal 10, which may be required as early as 2015. It will be other local transportation projects to shorten the travelling time of goods and commuters within the territory. The Hong Kong Shipping Register is the first-rate servic e offered by the Hong Kong maritime cluster. To maintain the reputation of the Hong Kong Shipping Register, the Hong Kong Marine Department will work closely with the industry to enhance the standards of Hong Kong ships and increase the competitiveness of the Register.Such as providing e-services for expanding one-stop shop services for ship registration, strengthening pre-registration quality control and enhancing coordination with the relevant Mainland authorities to offer better protection for Hong Kong ships. Hong Kong can also provide higher(prenominal) value-added services like maritime insurance, ship financing, international arbitration and logistic management to form a stronger industrial cluster.POSITIONING HONG KONG AND GUANGDONG AS A MODERN ECONIMIC CIRCULATION field of battle To reinforce Hong Kongs position as a logistics and maritime centre, Hong Kong needs to have first-class infrastructure facilities in parallel with heavy infrastructure development. Banking and dumbfound Business The Framework Agreement deepens the Hong Kongs RMB trade settlement and finance businesses at local level. It provides a best platform for Mainland authorities and Hong Kong Monetary potency to jointly discuss and investigate how to expedite the application of RMB outside the China and continuously improve the RMB trade settlement services.It also facilitates the bond services, the qualified Guangdong financial organizations and companies can issue RMB bonds in Hong Kong. This approach creates many different financial convey to both sides and supports the development of Hong Kongs RMB bond services simultaneously. Securities Services For securities business, the Framework Agreement pushes forward connection and mutual co-operation in respect of talents, knowledge, products, and institutions between both sides.In addition, more Guangdong financial organizations and companies are encouraged to raise funds in Hong Kong and to be Hong Kong listed companies. In order to strengthen the collaboration of securities services between Hong Kong and Guangdong, the supplement VI of Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed in 2009 which permitted securities organizations in Mainland and Hong Kong to establish securities investment consultancies in joint venture mode. Insurance ServicesWith the support of Framework Agreement, the qualified Hong Kong financial organizations can set up legal institutions with insurance services in Guangdong and this facilitates Hong Kong insurance organizations to develop business in Mainland by lowering the entry requirements of Mainland insurance market. The supplement IV of CEPA helps Hong Kong insurance agents to set up wholly-owned companies in Mainland. The collaboration of China Insurance Regulatory Commission and Office of the Commissioner of Insurance in Hong Kong can continuously be increased.Developing international logistics hub in Hong Kong and PRD region The Framework A greement helps the development of financial logistics service in Hong Kong by integrating supply, production and sales and formed the financial supply chain system. It was the revolution of third-party logistics services in Hong Kong. Financial logistics service has became gradually popular that combined with logistics and financial products. The ability of third-party logistics services and operating profit has been improved logistic companies can expand financing channels, reduce financing costs and improve capital management efficiency.The new third-party logistics service definitely drives toward the goal of win-win supply chain. Logistics companies can activate occupied costs of idle unsanded materials and finished products for optimizing companies resources. The provision of financial logistics service can enhance companies integrated logistics services and competitiveness it further increases the business scale as well as the value-added services. The enhanced financial cost ing and broad financing channels reduce the capital utilization of raw materials and semi-finished products.Moreover, the optimal capital allocation can reduce the procurement costs, expand sales volume and increase the companies sales profits. For further support, financial logistics services help companies to expand the size of loans for smoothing the cash flow, reduce credit risk and support the disposal of bad assets. The combination of logistics services and financial services which provides an integrated supply chain financial plan, it also increases the competitive advantage and profits.Through the financial logistic services, the warehouse logistic companies can achieve multilateral success enhance customers capital capability and responsiveness to market risk. It encourages customers to deal with the warehouse goods processing and facilitates the interactive information sharing of goods, large amount of goods storage and high goods turnover rate. The change payment methods can maximize customers capital settlement. Therefore, customers pressure on accounts receivable can be reduced.With the connection of logistics and insurance industries, it provides a comprehensive logistics insurance service for all supply chain activities and items. It includes equipment damage, goods delivery, property and facilities, operation safety of trucks and other means of transport, and employee insurance, etc. Through the enhanced financial services, increased financial channels and the supports of Mainland banks and insurance companies, the logistics industry in Hong Kong obtains abundant resources to develop the financial logistics services, logistics routes and business in Mainland.Foreign enterprises also can take Hong Kong and Guangdong as a platform to invest in mainland market, in returns, Hong Kong acts as a bridgehead for Mainland enterprises to go global and establishes their head office in Hong Kong and promotes their business to global markets. CONCLUSION Ho ng Kong is the opening of China and positioned in the heart of Asia we can reach all major Asian countries within four hours and half of the worlds population within five hours by plane.However, face up the changes of global economic structure and the worldwide trend of forming a regional economic co-operation and competition, it is difficult for an individual city to compete at its own. As such Hong Kong has to strengthen itself by co-operating with Mainland, particularly PRD region in Guangdong, to search for larger market hinterland so as to maintain its long term competitiveness. Under the outline of the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong Guangdong Co-operation, Hong Kong has to work towards betterment by consolidating innovation into its existing pillar industries, including finance, trading, shipping and logistics.To enhance our competitiveness, Hong Kong has continued investing in key infrastructure projects to maintain an efficient multi-modal transport network which coverin g air, land and sea to meet the different needs. Major infrastructure projects like HZMB, XRL and WEL, which happen the one-hour intercity circle for people in PRD region and enforce a sound regional system of marine, land and air transport integration within this region. To facilitate the logistic flow and customs procedures, ROCARS has been introduced on the customs clearance.Some other recommendations on customs procedures can be considered in future, for instance, a mutual recognition of the interrogation results of cross-boundary vehicles, relaxation of the restrictions on Hong Kong trucks with valid licenses to travel in Mainland, as well as a centralized electronic communication platform on other control points to shorten the customs clearance time. In parallel with hard infrastructure development, Hong Kong should continue to develop the required software, particularly in the expansion of our aviation network, nurturing fresh talent and IT development.Hong Kong should make use the advantage of legal system and professional service, an extensive shipping and aviation network so as to provide a high value-added logistic services like pick-and pack and inventory management services. We believe that maintaining a closely correlation between Hong Kongs hard and soft infrastructure is one of the factors to sustain our economic growth and prosperity. To further reinforce Hong Kongs position as an international logistic hub and a gateway for Asia to access global markets, we have to tie with the co-operation and development of mainland.Last but not lease, we do believe we shall always empower ourselves to meet the great challenges and proactively identify new engines of economic growth of Hong Kong. References Trade and diligence Department Supplement to the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Retrieved 27 Sept, 2011 from http//www. tid. gov. hk/english/cepa/legaltext/cepa2. html Trade and Industry Department The CEPA benefits Hon g Kong economy, January 5, 2006 Retrieved 27 Sept, 2011 from http//www. tid. gov. hk/english/aboutus/presspeech/press/2006/20060105. htmlCustoms and Excise Department Road Cargo System (ROCARS) https//www. rocars. gov. hk/en/landing_page. html Digital Trade and Transportation Network http//www. hk-dttn. com/home/english/home. html Digital Trade and Transportation Network (2005) Tradelink announces agreements with the HKSAR Government on the Digital Trade & Transportation Network (DTTN) Retrieved 26 Sept, 2011 from http//www. hk-dttn. com/events/english/050901_Agreements_DTTN_E. pdf Digital Trade and Transportation Network (2006) Microsoft and DTTNCo Join Hands to Enhance tally Chain Efficiency in Hong Kong Retrieved 26 Sept 2011 from http//www. k-dttn. com/events/english/Microsoft-DTTNCo%20Press%20Release_Eng. pdf Digital Trade and Transportation Network (Nov 2004) Approach for Digital Trade and Transportation Network (DTTN) Document Structure Development Retrieved on 26 Sept 2011 from http//www. hk-dttn. com/ informative/english/doc_dev_v0. 2. pdf Hong Kongs Information Service Department (April 2010), Press Release of Signing ceremony of Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Co-operation held in Beijing Retrieved on 27 Sept 2011 from http//www. info. gov. hk/gia/general/201004/07/P201004070113. tm Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office in New York(2010) Hong Kong, Guangdong sign cooperation pact Retrieved on 27 Sept 2011 from http//www. hketony. gov. hk/ny/e-newsletter/10mar/CoopPact. htm Transport and hold Bureau of HKSAR http//www. thb. gov. hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_3. htm Transport and trapping Bureau (2011), Hon Jeffrey Lam and a written reply by the Secretary for Transport and Housing, Ms Eva Cheng at the Legislative Council meeting, Logistic industry in Hong Kong Retrieved on 28 Sept 2011 from http//www. hb. gov. hk/eng/psp/pressreleases/transport/logistics/2011/201102161. pdf Highways Department (Oct 2009) International Business Committe e Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge Retrieved on 28 Sept 2011 from http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf Legislative council brief (2010) Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong Express Rail Link ( XRL ) Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http//www. legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/chinese/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp1022cb1-166-1-ec. pdfLegislative council brief (Oct 2009), Hong Kong section of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express rail link funding arrangement and Special rehousing package Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http//legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp1022-thb200910a-e. pdf Legislative council brief (April 2008) Hong Kong section of Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong Express rail link Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http//legco. gov. hk/yr07-08/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp-thbtcr11658199-e. pdf Transport and Housing Bureau of HKSAR XRL ttp//www. thb. gov. hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_4 . htm MTR Corporation Limited http//www. expressraillink. hk/en/database/xrl-in-hk. html Transport and Housing Bureau (May 2011) Speech of the Secretary for Transport and Housing at a shipping community luncheon in Korea. Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http//www. thb. gov. hk/eng/psp/speeches/transport/maritime/2011/201105311. pdf Transport and Housing Bureau (Mar 2011) Secretary for Transport and Housings opening remarks (transport policy areas) at LegCo Special Finance Committee Meeting.Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http//www. thb. gov. hk/eng/psp/speeches/transport/land/2011/201103221. pdf Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau http//www. cmab. gov. hk/en/issues/council. htm Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation (2010) Highlights of the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Co-operation Retrieved on 6 October 2011 from http//www. hkecic. com/compass/eng/201006/Compass201006_2_RoadtoChina3. pdf Kee, P. & Yoshimatsu, H. (2010), worldwide movements in the Asia Pacific , 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing Company, US. Luo, Z. (2010), Service Science and Logistics Informatics Innovative Perspectives, 1st edn. , IGI Global snippet, US. Waters, D. (2010), Global Logistics New Directions in Supply Chain Management, 6th edn. , Kogan Page Publishers, UK. Legislative Council (2010) Legislative Council Panel on Commerce and Industry Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Cooperation Retrieved on 6 October 2011 from http//www. legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ci/papers/cicb1-1559-1-e. pdf

African American Culture 5 Essay

Question 4 African subtletys, by and large, bring a similar world befool to the relationship between man and the spi rite realm, one that is marked by an extremely ain interaction. In the broader African spiritual world human beings beings ar seen to be under the constant influence of diverse people, their ancestors, minor deities, the Creator, and various forces of nature. As a result the African spiritual world can be described as interactive since all things argon endowed with life-force. How is this idea expressed in ritual approaches to morality, wrongdoing, and spiritual empowerment?African American religion has eternally been heavily involved and influenced by the intuitive feeling of morality, wrong doing and spiritual empowerment since the striver days if non earlier, African Americans came to embrace Protestant Christianity and neutered their own version of it which is consistent with evidence in the 19th century and a little crook of the eighteenth, at the time Christianity had little effect on slave society through the efforts of Anglicans, but it was non because African Americans rejected the gospel but because whites seized Christian brotherhood from colours.As dingys in the S step forwardh and in the British Caribbean struggled to develop man-to-man and collective identities from the ideas and ways of African culture and their immature conditions of life, the series of efforts by evangelicals to convert slaves eventually gave rise to a distinct Afro-American establish of Christian theology, worship style, and ghostly community. The importance of religion and having their own take on it is among African Americans, as among all people, rests on fulfilling the human penury for an understanding of ones place in twain the spiritual and temporal world.Although it was difficult, African Americans disc all overed in evangelical conversion requirements an luck to reassert personal authority bruted on their ability to communicate d irectly with God and to bring others to recognize the need for personal repentance and bridal of Jesus. A perfect example that supports the connection between ghostlike involvement and a sense of personal identity, is found in a slave woman who, back then it was not common for them to dissever missionaries that her people accept come from across the sea and lost their father and mother, and therefore want to hunch forward the Father.The displacement of Africans, for whom locality was critical to interactions with the spiritual world, did not strip them of their ghostlike identity, but required them to look at the spiritual landscape of their revolutionary home and reshape their dresss accordingly. Come Shouting to Zion details the umteen unearthly rituals that Africans preserved in the fresh world, especially those beleaguering fundamental life events much(prenominal) as the render and naming of children, marriage, burial ceremonies, and ritual dancing and singing to c ommunicate with ancestors and deities.The influence of Africans with many diverse but fundamentally similar cultures in a strange new land encouraged slaves to form new pan-African cultures, which grew increasingly popular as later generations of slaves were natural into bondage in America, establishing a distinct African-American culture. The pidgin African-English is a prime example of Africans in American creating a formation of communication that was not traceable to a particular African ethnic origin, nor was it a perfect imitation of American English, but was or else overlap by coloreds in America.As slaves first encountered a foreign language that whites wished them to learn comfortably enough to be much(prenominal) productive but not intumesce enough to pose a threat to the race-based socioeconomic hierarchy, so they became acquainted with Christianity at the will of whites, but when given the opportunity, appropriated it for their own purposes. In the other(a) en counters between slaves and Christianity it is without question that African, and particularly American-born slaves, sought a spirituality that would explain or found their temporal condition.Some salves looked to a theology of liberation and equality among Christians, which they could glean from 18th century evangelicals, broadly speaking Anglicans, who tried to masterplay these looks of biblical teaching. The early period of evangelism was restricted by the fears of slave-owners that slaves who converted to Christianity would feel authorise to revolt against their bondage. Several conspired rebellions and many smaller incidents of black assertion were linked to blacks who had heard enough discussion to identify themselves with the enslaved nation of Israel.This fed the fears of whites, and Anglicans continued to complain that the planters who prohibited them from educating slaves on spectral matters were the largest hindrance to economic system African American souls. While racism was strengthened and slaves were unable to improve their social status by conforming to white European-American values, very few blacks found the Christian message Anglicans shared with them appealing . Anglican churches maintained strict separation of rich and poor, white and black, during services and sacraments.The high-church emphasized that learned men totally were authorized to teach and that blacks would listen without questioning and to accept the extension of their temporal message and isolation from whites into the phantasmal sphere. Under these terms, it is I am not surprised that Christianity failed to take root as a meaningful religion, a spiritual world that Africans wanted to live in. But it is essential to recognize the role of whites in shaping the message that Africans were allowed to hear, and the role specifically of slaveholders in excluding blacks from access to Christianity.That blacks expressed their agency in rejecting this early version of Christi anity offered to them. . At the aforesaid(prenominal) time Anglicans were confused over their lack of success in the southern mainland, Moravians made a significant impact on blacks in the Caribbean by bringing a different vision of a Christian community. Moravians, Methodists, Separate Baptists, and a few other missionaries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries who sought out African Americans stressed spiritual, if not always worldly, equality.Africans identified with and embraced images of a savior who had suffered like they did, and joined these Christian images with African melodious modes of expression to create spirituals that reminded Jesus been down to de mire/ You must bow low to de mire (Stuckey, 139). However, you must finally accept Christianity as an statement of their lowly place in society and a divine exhortation to obedience and docility, as many white slaveholders had hoped they would.Rather, blacks found opportunities at biracial revival meetings which we re meetings held at locations most often church, in which slaves and blacks were black would interpret what they heard and to share their divinely inspired interpretations of Christian faith, even from pulpits. During this critical period when a significant portion of blacks in the Caribbean and American South were first offered Christianity, they clearly adopted it and transformed it into something that was their own. afterward the period of revivals that first sparked wide-scale conversions in the South, many African-Americans focused on building a community in which they could support one another and worship in their own African-influenced style. Local black congregations ext stop their religious community, most notably with the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in1816. As an institution spanning some(prenominal) states, the A. M. E.Church allowed blacks to take part at different levels in a collective, hierarchical social system as had never originally been po ssible under American slavery. blacks continued to participate as minorities in biracial congregations (still with segregated seating) in most parts of the south and the expanding frontier, but found fewer opportunities to plow ordained preachers or lay leaders in mixed parishes, where they were likely only to be allowed to solve the gift, provided they teach unplumbed Doctrine sic under the approval of whites (Frey & Wood, 166).In the creation of their own religious communities in which no whites were present to criticize overemotional black forms of religious expression and persisting practices, much(prenominal) as polygamy and dancing, African-Americans actively designed a spirituality that fulfilled their needs in the slave societies of the Americas. African-American religiosity was then, as it is now, centered on extended and expanding families and households, the importance of ego-determination and personal dignity, mutual aid, and shared responsibility for the progress o f the race (Hortons, xi).In my opinion, African agency is most clearly supported by evidence of Africans defining their faith, modes of worship, and religious ties as part of a larger emerging African-American culture. inter permute was a relentless fact of life for Africans in 18th and 19th century America, most tragically present in enslavement and removal from Africa and domestic change over within the Americas that broke up families as masters bought and sold property.Outside the personal struggles of individual slaves, the changes in ideology and society wrought by the era of the American Revolution exposed Africans and their descendents to evolving external ideas round their place within American society, their rights as humans, and their needs as spiritual beings. Religion was one of the few arenas in which African-Americans could control the changes in their individual lives and their culture as a whole. Evolving religious traditions provided individuals over generations with a source of spiritual renewal and a supportive community and prepared an institution that could serve future generations.The desire and turbulent transition from African forms of religiosity to African-influenced forms of Protestantism take the stands that black Americans created, out of all religious ideas and structures available to them, a faith that was their own. Question3 The medicinal drugal selections in this section come from Africa and the Americas. Some are examples of the preservation of tralatitious musical styles others are examples of the adaptation of traditional modes of expression to modern styles. Prevalent in each performance is the use of either percussion instruments such as drums or singing in groups or by soloists.How do these musical selections exemplify a common African musical aesthetic, i. e. rhythmic syncopation, call-and-response, melodic tresss, vocal colors, in both traditional and contemporary expressions? African leaping has contributed many characteristics to dance in America. We see evidence of this in many aspects of dance today. Being such a diverse nation, America has the blessing of combining headmaster dances from different cultures to create an amazing dance repertoire. American dance as we know would be in all different, if it werent for the Africans.African dance began with the different rhythms of the tribes. Its roots in America began with the slave trade. The American slave trade began in 1619, (However, Africans were imported as slaves to the West Indies staring almost a century before that) with the arrival of Dutch trading ships carrying a cargo of Africans to Virginia. They were first brought over by boat to places such as Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti. Eventually different countries end up taking over those nations and slaves fall under their rule.In Brazil, the Portuguese take over, in Cuba the Spanish take over, and in Haiti, the French take over. The retaining of African culture by those in slavery was sinewyer in the other nations than in America, as the Spanish and French rulers adhered to the to a greater extent lenient view of dancing taken by the Catholic Church. In America, the Protestant church potently disapproved of dance. Therefore, dances that occurred in the West Indies, Brazil, Haiti and Cuba retained more of the African dance structure, than those in America did. Those dances can be classified as recreational or sacred.An example of a recreational dance is the Juba, which was a militant dance where opponents would outdo each other in feats of skill, sometimes while balancing something on their head. unnameable dances were based on the worship of religious gods. The goal of the dance was for the dancer to become possessed by the god so that it would speak through the dancer. Two examples are voodoo and Shango dances. Traces of the African religious practice of possession, or disengaging from reality through the combined effects of music and dance, can be detec ted in the appeal of some forms of sack out dance.In America, the dance movement of Africa was restrained mainly by two factors the attitude of the church towards dancing as being immoral and the restricted use of the primary African instrument (the drum). Drumming was banned in 1739 following a slave insurrection. White plantation owners responded by banning all drums and that coerce slaves to search for other percussion options. They substituted with banjos, clapping hands, stomping feet, and the fiddle. Dances that occurred on the Plantations were for recreation and religious reasons overly.Because of the European influence in America, the movement gave a distinct American appearance, rather than a strictly African one. Many dances imitated animate beings. There were also circle dances and dances for celebrations. Another category that emerged was competitive dances. The most well known one was the cakewalk. The slaves had witnessed their owners dancing festivities and imita ted their stiff upper bodies while contrasting it with loose leg movements. The owners enjoyed reflection this and gave a cake to the opera hat dancer.The observation of African dancing by the whites led to them stereotyping the dancing slave. They began to blacken their faces and imitate them using such indigenous movements as the shuffle. The imitation dances by whites makeed an era of American entertainment based on the stereotype on the dancing Negro. Before the Civil War, passe-partout dancers were mostly white, with the exception of William Henry Lane. He was also known as Master Juba and was a freeborn slave thought to be the best dancer in the World. He had lived in Manhattan where the Irish immigrants also lived.His dancing was a combination of Irish jig dancing and African rhythm, just like the slaves who were forced to compete with the Irish migrant workers aboard the ships. Both his movements and the Nigerian slaves are said to be the start of tap dance. Minstrelsy was also a popular form of entertainment in America from 1845 1900. The Minstrel show was a group of male performers that portrayed the Negro as either slow and shuffling or sharply dressed and quick moving. The minstrel show proved prominent in spreading lingo dances like the cakewalk and jig dancing on a wide scale.The next major change after minstrelsy came with the birth of ragtime music and ballroom dancing after 1910. A bunch of animal dances were seen in white ballrooms. Examples were the Turkey Trot, and Chicken Scratch. The invasion of ballrooms with native inspired dances set the stage for the same process to occur on Broadway. Zeigfield borrowed some of these dances for his Follies. Social dance became introduced on the theatrical stage. The big aspect being borrowed wasnt the actual dances, but their swinging qualities. In 1921, Shuffle Along featured a jazz inspired dance called the Charleston.It go forth the audience with a herd of nada and a new respect towards bl ack dancing. Tap was now also brought to white audiences and the musical comedies took on a new, more rhythmic life. In the late 1920s, jazz inspired songs replaced the popular white standards and America accepted sock music as its own. Louis Armstrong was a big part of the creation of swing music. It was a style of jazz music that emphasized African influenced rhythm and was played by big bands. Faster and sharper footwork came almost and the Lindy was the new dance craze.It incorporated the shuffle and glide and buck and wing movements from early African dances. The Lindy was significant for starting jazz dance styles used in later musicals. It also gave the opportunity for white choreographers to experience African swing. Jazz music and dancing slowed down in popularity after WWII. technology and music were evolving. The beat became more complex and musicians like Charlie Parker and Dizie Gillespie explored more with improve. The overall result was, jazz music became something more to listen to rather than to dance socially.The advent of Television in the 1950s also unplowed people at home instead of on the dance floors. African American dance became more of an artistic expression than a social means. Professional companies and dancers restored early African rhythms and the beauty and emotion of their traditional songs, including Catherine Dunhams Shango, Alvin Aileys Revelations and Bill T. Jones Uncle Toms Cabin. In the past 50 years, African American dance has been rich in innovations as well as connections with the past. The definition of professional dance has broadened beyond ballet, modern, and jazz.Popular and social dances, including the urban black dance forms of break dancing and hip-hop hire been recognized for their artistry and expressiveness. Dance created and performed by African Americans has become a permanent part of American dance. Every dancer and almost all(prenominal) person in America, in one way or another has danced steps that resemble early African polyrhythmic movements. Personally, I think the dance World in America could no have flourished as well as it did without its African influences. since the slave trade the drum has been used all over the world as a means of communication and self expression.Its broad variety of users includes the early African tribes, using them for ceremonial purposes. The Africans brought drums with them to the Americas and helped to develop their popularity among American musicians. In the middle 1900s drum sets were brought around. These revolutionary collaborations of percussive pieces started off with a pair of hi-hats, a bass and slip noose drum, and a couple of tom toms. Later as the music progressed, so did the drum kits, completely eliminating the need for an entire drum section.With the coming of the rock and roll movement the drum kits were changing, they needed to accommodate the new music styles. They became sonically diverse and even electronic drums were br ought about making them infinitely adjustable both ergonomically and musically. With every major drum manufacturer competing to have the best product on the market drums will always be evolving. African American musicians and early slaves choose to use drums as a common form of expression because of the deep bass that was used to duplicate heart beat and thunder.The sound waves for open ended and string instruments is fairly straight forward. However, for a closed end instrument, such as a drum, the sound waves are different. A lot of the postcode is dissipated through the shell of the drum, which is the reason for the variance in drum construction these days. Many different kinds of wood are used to generate different sounds, or a different amount of energy absorption. For a warmer, deeper sound maple construction is used while lather is used to get a high, resonant tone full of vibration. The heaviest wood that dissipates the most amount of energy is oak, creating a lower, flat sound.Question1 I believe that Egypts economic progress over the last decade is a great example of showing how They have come a long way and are still vastly improving. Egypt is the third-largest economy in the Middle East and North Africa neck of the woods (after Saudi Arabia and Israel), as well as one of the strongest, with significant potential for future economic emersion and diversification. With a real commitment to economic reform, which favors a large privatization program and the encouragement of private investment funds and growth. The improvement in Ghana is evident in how their country has such a diverse economy.The gilded Coast was renamed Ghana upon independence in 1957 because of indications that present-day inhabitants descended from migrants who locomote south from the ancient kingdom of Ghana. By West African standards, Ghana has a relatively diverse and rich natural resource base Mineralsprincipally gold, diamonds, manganese ore, and bauxiteare produced and exported. Exploration for oil and gas resources is ongoing. Timber and marine resources are key but declining resources. Agriculture remains a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-third of GDP and about 55% of formal employment.Cash crops consist primarily of cocoa and cocoa products, which typically provide about one-third of export revenue, timber products, coconuts and other palm products, shear nuts , and coffee. Ghana also has open a successful program of nontraditional agricultural products for export including pineapples, cashews, and peppers. Cassava, yams, plantains, corn, rice, peanuts, millet, and sorghum are the basic foodstuffs. Fish, poultry, and heart also are important dietary staples. Ghanas industrial base is relatively travel compared to many other African countries.Industries include textiles, apparel, steel (using scrap), tires, oil refining, flour milling, beverages, tobacco, simple consumer goods, and car, truck, and bus assembly. Industry , including mining, manufacturing, construction and electricity, accounts for about 25% of GDP. I strongly believe that since Ghana and Egypt have modify so vastly it is helping African Americans improve in general, the saying We come from a long line of kings and promote is such a truthful statement if you look back on history. We have a lot of ancestry that lies within Ghana and Egypt.With the knowledge of the past it will help us to continue ready our past and bring us to terms with the future. We can reverse the process by not allow people hold us back and to not blame others. I also believe that strong knowledge of Ghana and Egypt and Mali, will also further our culture by being educated and not told how our past was. There are a lot of invention by many great African Americans that most people do not know that black inventors were behind the idea, not that is matters that a black or a white person constructed or came up with an idea for a patent, it is essentialthat we are have contributed just as many things if not more than any other culture. There have been so many contributions to society to western civilization and I feel it is so important that we surround our selves with knowledge of our ancestors because they worked hard to get us to the point today where we are able to vote and the opening move of a black president. The saying that we come from a long line kings and queens is so effective because it shows you that black really is beautiful and if you retrace our ancestors you will find out that our people were just as important as kings and queens.Lewis tabernacle was the inventor of a whaling harpoon called the Temples Toggle and the Temples Iron. He was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1800 and arrived in New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1829. He worked as a blacksmith and had lots of friends that were whalers who bought harpoons and had lots of conversations with them. Granville T. Wood was known as the black Edison. Woods was born in Columb us, Ohio on April 23,1856. He never finished elementary school and he worked in a machine shop at a very young age. He moved to Missouri in 1872 at the age of sixteen.By 1881 he opened a factory in Cincinnati, Ohio and manufactured telephone, telegraph and electrical equipment. He filed for his first application for a patent in 1884 for an improved steam-boiler furnace. Woods patented the telographony , a combination of the telegraph and the telephone. He produced one of his most important inventions in 1887, it was called the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph. It enabled messages to be sent from moving trains and railways stations. In 1890 he set out to improve the sparking system by creating an efficient safe economical dimmer.It was safer and and resulted in 40% energy savings. Woods also created an overhead conducting system for electrical railways and the electrified third rail. By the time of his death in 1910 he had 150 patents awarded to him all together. Lewis H. L was a pioneer in the development of the electric light bulb. He was also the only black member of the Edison Pioneers, a group of inventors and scientists who worked with Thomas Edison. He was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1848 and was raised in Boston. He enlisted in the Navy and served as a cabin boy on the U. S. S Massaoitta the age of sixteen.Latimer was given the assignment to draw plans for Alexander whole wheat flour Bells telephone patent . In 1879 Latimer went to work as a draftsman for Hiram Maxim, who invented the machine gun and headed the electric lighting company. Latimer worked on improving the quality of the carbon filament used in the light bulb. In 1882 he received a patent for an improved process for manufacturing carbon filaments. Gerrett is best remembered for his invention of the gas mask and the three way transaction signal. Mogan was born on March 4,1875 in Paris, Kentucky. He left school after fifth grade at the age of fourteen.He left Kentucky and head ed for Cincinnati, Ohio and got a job as a handy man in a sewing shop. Morgan tell his attention to the frequent instances of firemen being overcome by fumes and thick smoke when they went into burning buildings. He perfected breathing device which he patented in 1914. In 1923morgan patented an automatic traffic signal which he sold to the General Electric Company for four thousand dollars. In 1963 Garrett A. Morgan died at ht age of 88 in Cleveland, Ohio after he was ill for two years. Just to name a few ,those were a couple of major contributors to the African American culture and western civilization.