Young Women s Accounts Of Intimate Partner Violence...

Ceirra Myles 10/12/2015 Citation Reynolds, F. C. (2011). Young women s accounts of intimate partner violence during adolescence and subsequent recovery processes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Psychology Psychotherapy: Theory, Research Practice, 84(3), 314-334. Statement of purpose The purpose of this study was to explore three young women’s understandings of why they had been vulnerable to IPV in their mid-to-late adolescence years, what their experiences of IPV were like, and to find out how they developed their recovery processes. The study also provides a view on the resilience process amongst these women as well. There’s an aim towards the exploration of the reflection they had on their negative experiences with IPV from their adolescents years and throughout their recovery phases. Methodology This study consisted of three women between the ages of 21-25. Two of these women were social work students, while the other was a receptionist. Their experiences with IPV occurred during their adolescent years between the ages of 15-19. All of these women were white, unmarried and were residents of London. They each described having a good relationship with at least one of their parents prior to the abusive experiences. Six women were recruited based on having endured a psychologically traumatic experience during their adolescent from which they had recovered. Once chosen, they were interviewed and recounted various traumatic events. This particular studyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, m echanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong

Entry Strategy in International Business - 1602 Words

9.0 Entry Strategy 9.1 Introduction Entry strategy is about the decision to enter which foreign market, when in what scale and regarding the choice of entry mode. In our case we have already decided to enter the UK market and offer our products to a selected niche initially. It is the case of entry mode we should address in this chapter. The various modes to enter foreign markets are vast. A few popular methods are, exporting, licensing or franchising to host country firms, establishing joint ventures, setting up wholly owned subsidiaries or acquiring an established enterprise Other key factors like transport cost, trade barriers, political risk, economic risk, business risk cost and firm’s strategy plays a key role in determining the†¦show more content†¦| | | | | | | | |Direct Investment | | | | | |Import barriers |Greater knowledge of local |Higher risk than other modes | | |Small cultural distance |market |Requires more resources and | | |Assets cannot be fairly priced |Can better apply specialized |commitment | | |High sales potential |skills |May be difficult to manage the | | |Low political risk |Minimizes knowledge spill over |local resources. | | | |Can be viewed as an insider | | |Franchising |Longer term commitments than licensing |The firm is relieved of cost of |Inability toShow MoreRelatedEntry Strategy in International Business1593 Words   |  7 Pages9.0 Entry Strategy 9.1 Introduction Entry strategy is about the decision to enter which foreign market, when in what scale and regarding the choice of entry mode. 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An analysis of ”The Happiest Refugee” by Ahn Do Sample Essay Example For Students

An analysis of †The Happiest Refugee† by Ahn Do Sample Essay Texts frequently aim at researching societal issues. and promote readers to react to them in different ways by positioning them to hold with the thoughts of the text. The biographical text ‘The Happiest Refugee’ written by the storyteller of the text. Ahn Do. invites readers to detect events. take part emotionally. understand his experiences and to react to the characters. Ahn Do utilizations written techniques and conventions ( including usage of linguistic communication ) to prosecute readers and place them to respond in peculiar ways. Readers are positioned to react to the characters Ahn Do himself. his difficult work. his bravery. his success. his Florists chrysanthemum. her personality. his full household. and the plagiarists through the events that were created through text. Reading about Ahn Do’s childhood holding to fight with poorness generates sympathy towards him. Ahn negotiations about his occupation of booklet bringing at the age of 14 to gain money and assist his female parent and the remainder of his household out financially. Ahn mentions the adversity he went through during the occupation through first individual point of position such as ‘I slung the straps over my shoulders and it was chunky and unbalanced’ transporting a 40 kg worth of booklets in his old school bag and ‘Ten p. m. that dark we slumped into bed perfectly exhausted. We still had about 3rd to go†¦I’d neer intended for my whole household to hold to labor with me ; the thought was for Mum to work less†¦sitting at a tabular array frantically seeking to squash in my homework’ . Through this technique. readers to how he felt. what happened to him and how it made him experience which invite the readers to react with sympathy towards his jobs with money at a immature age. Readers are positioned to respond in a warm. positive mode towards Ahn’s Mum. This has been achieved through the usage of duologue in the event where his Mum invites their distant cousin and her girl ‘to stay’ when Ahn is 15 and his household is ‘pretty close to being level out broke’ and ‘Financially†¦struggling. urgently struggling’ . Ahn’s Mum insists to the far comparative ‘Come live with us’ and answers ‘They’ve got no one’ and ‘if they can. they will. If they can’t. what does it count? ’ when Ahn’s younger brother. Khoa. ‘pipes up’ inquiring ‘Are they traveling to pay rent and material? ’ Through this written convention. readers are positioned to be astonished by his Mum’s generousness towards others. and respond positively and favorably towards her. The boat trip experience as portion of Ahn’s family’s flight from Vietnam promotes fear and cliff-hanging emotion through descriptive linguistic communication. Ahn’s households are confronted with two plagiarist groups during their trip that steals their goods heartlessly. The pirate’s ferociousness has been illustrated through the usage of descriptive linguistic communication such as ‘They were plagiarists. They descended on us angrily. striking random faces to asseverate their purpose. jerking off watchbands and rings from trembling hands†¦ordered all of us to take our apparels off’ from first plagiarists and ‘We stood there soundless and asleep. like sheep expecting slaughter. We were forced to deprive off our apparels once more. and the plagiarists stalked up and down the rows of bare organic structures. inspecting opened. trembling oral cavities. on occasion drawing out a gold capping’ from 2nd plagiarists. The usage of this linguistic communication technique generates suspense and tenseness during the event and places the readers to fear the cruel plagiarists. Texts invite readers to acquire involved with the characters. expression at events. take part emotionally and to react to the issues explored. The text ‘The Happiest Refugee’ written by the storyteller himself. Ahn Do. about his life. uses narrative techniques and conventions to prosecute and promote the readers to react in peculiar ways. Emotions such as understanding. heat. esteem and suspense are encouraged by the text through the characters of Ahn Do. his Mum. other members of his household and the usage of the plagiarists A ; their behavior. Ahn Do successfully achieves these reactions through the usage of narrative conventions like first individual point of position. duologue. word picture and descriptive linguistic communication. .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .postImageUrl , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:hover , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:visited , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:active { border:0!important; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:active , .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70 .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u240fcbf5af2f2570cbe03bf9abab7a70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide (sociological) EssayBibliography: Newton. Adam Refugees A ; bravery University of Melbourne Press. 2009

Murders in the Rue Morgue Essay Example For Students

Murders in the Rue Morgue Essay And with three quick moves they are in checkmate. Dupin masterfully explains the details of what happened, how the intruder climbed up to the fourth story windows and becoming frenzied killed both of the LEspanaye women, throwing one out of the window and stuffing the other up the chimney. Dupin does not concern himself with motive but rather looks at the details and makes an educated inference. Using all the evidence and the oversights of the police he is able to resolve the case with ease. He proves that the polices basic surface plan of attack didnt work, and that there is no method to their proceedings, beyond the method of the moment. He proves that they are not worthy components. And in the last paragraph we see the final defeat, the checkmate and match. Dupin has saved Le Bon (which ironically means the good), the man charged with the murders, and has defeated the police in their own game even though they tried to castle. 1 The police unconsciously tried to protect the Ourang-Outang by blaming Le Bon, but the truth (Dupin) prevailed, or in other words, the superior acumen prevailed even over a vigilant concentration. The functionary, however well disposed to my friend, could not altogether conceal his chagrin at the turn which affairs had taken, and was fain to indulge in a sarcasm about the propriety of every person minding his own business. Let him talk, said Dupin, let him discourse; it will ease his conscience. I am satisfied at having defeated him in his own castle. It seems these two sides have played before and that Dupin always prevails even when the other side always tries to castle to protect their ideas and pride. Poe revels in the extraordinary, and his attention to every minute detail is what makes his stories a game, a wild puzzle to solve. His characters thrive on enigmas, conundrums, and hieroglyphics; exhibiting in their solutions each degree of acumen which appears to the ordinary apprehension praeternatural. His results, brought about by the very soul and essence of method, have, in truth, the whole air of intuition. And this is the whole game of life, to live and to write the future and to figure out mysteries that baffle us. This is Dupins clever technique to solving mysteries and the conundrum of this story, and is one maybe we should employ once we grasp it:De nier ce qui est, et dexpliquer ce qui nest pas: to deny what is, and to explain what is not. 1Castling is a move in chess where a player will protect his king from checkmate by moving his castle over and next to the king forcing the king out of his middle position and over to either side of the board.

Working and living in UK and Poland

Free Essays on Henry Ossawa Tanner

Henry Ossawa Tanner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1859, to Sarah Miller Tanner and Benjamin Tucker Tanner. Henry is best known for his paintings of everyday African American life and for his from the bible. His most well known work is The Banjo Lesson painted in 1893, at the Hampton University Museum, in Hampton, Virginia. When he was 13 years old, Henry watched an artist at work and was fascinated by it. It was then that he decided to become an artist. He entered the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia in 1879. He became the second black student to attend the school. Tanner traveled to Europe in 1891, where he spent a short time in London before settling in Paris, where he studied painting at the Acadà ©mie Julien. In the summer of 1893 Tanner returned to America to recuperate from typhoid fever, but he lived permanently in France after 1894. He submitted his painting Daniel in the Lions’ Den to the Paris Salon Exhibition of 1896 and received honorable mention, an honor no other American received that year. His religious works brought Tanner recognition in both France and America. Tanner was elected a chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government in 1923, and in 1927 he was elected a full member of the National Academy of Design in New York. In 1996 Tanner’s Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City was acquired for the art collection of the White House in Washington, D.C.; it was the first work by an African American painter to be chosen for this collection. Tanner’s work is appreciated by many including the government of the United States of America, which has a select number of works of his on display in the White House. He was appreciated in his lifetime and is certainly appreciated for his great contributions to American art for all of us. Henry Ossawa Tanner died in 1937.... Free Essays on Henry Ossawa Tanner Free Essays on Henry Ossawa Tanner Henry Ossawa Tanner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1859, to Sarah Miller Tanner and Benjamin Tucker Tanner. Henry is best known for his paintings of everyday African American life and for his from the bible. His most well known work is The Banjo Lesson painted in 1893, at the Hampton University Museum, in Hampton, Virginia. When he was 13 years old, Henry watched an artist at work and was fascinated by it. It was then that he decided to become an artist. He entered the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia in 1879. He became the second black student to attend the school. Tanner traveled to Europe in 1891, where he spent a short time in London before settling in Paris, where he studied painting at the Acadà ©mie Julien. In the summer of 1893 Tanner returned to America to recuperate from typhoid fever, but he lived permanently in France after 1894. He submitted his painting Daniel in the Lions’ Den to the Paris Salon Exhibition of 1896 and received honorable mention, an honor no other American received that year. His religious works brought Tanner recognition in both France and America. Tanner was elected a chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government in 1923, and in 1927 he was elected a full member of the National Academy of Design in New York. In 1996 Tanner’s Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City was acquired for the art collection of the White House in Washington, D.C.; it was the first work by an African American painter to be chosen for this collection. Tanner’s work is appreciated by many including the government of the United States of America, which has a select number of works of his on display in the White House. He was appreciated in his lifetime and is certainly appreciated for his great contributions to American art for all of us. Henry Ossawa Tanner died in 1937....

EU LAW Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EU LAW - Term Paper Example This implies that there was the evolution of certain relevant legal principles from a national level to conform with European Union laws and systems. The potential conflict led to the creation of the General Principles of European Union Law. The General Principles created a framework through which the new legal instruments of the common market could be streamlined and applied in all national jurisdictions (Tridimas, 2006). The General Principles include a set of concepts that guide the courts in the enforcement of European Union Laws (Schwarze, 2006). They are invoked to ensure that the potential tensions between EU law and local laws are minimized. More importantly, they are applied to ensure that the spirit of the European Union law is honoured in cases. They main concepts in the General Principles of EU Law include fundamental right, proportionality, certainty, equality and subsidiarity (Foster, 2011). Individuals can therefore request for review of their cases on the bases of these principles when they feel it is not fully honoured. Article 5 (3) of the EC Treaty states that â€Å"Any action by the Community shall not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of this treaty†. This implies that the interpretation of EU law should not be done such a way that people will incur disproportionate hardships. In R V Intervention Board ex parte Man (Sugar) Ltd1, a company was to incur over a million dollars in fines because their application for a permit delayed by a few hours. It was held that the fine could not be imposed on the company because of this principle. The European Union honours the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law amongst Member States (Article 6). This means that the fundamental rights of individuals must be respected in every case. Courts must be sensitive to the rights of humans in cases that are brought

The Performance Appraisal System For as President & CEO of A Nonprofit Research Paper

The Performance Appraisal System For as President & CEO of A Nonprofit - Research Paper Example The major responsibilities of CEO and President are abundant and challenging. They are liable for directing an organization through making appropriate decisions. They are in charge of developing strategies and plans which can ascertain and promote the organization’s overall mission and purposes. They delegate responsibilities to the team members and ensure that the organizational objectives are met. CEO and President of a non-profit organization closely perform with other top executives to implement policies, systems, and other internal control mechanisms in order to enhance the operational procedures. Their other responsibilities comprise the recognition of opportunities for national and global expansion of organizational activities. They ensure that the organization is performing according to the set organizational objectives. CEO and President help to establish certain standards as well as measures in order to effectively utilize the organizational resources. Performance ap praisal plays the vital role in the overall management of performance of a non-profit organization. It serves two major objectives for a non-profit organization  it enhances the productivity by helping individuals to realize their complete potentials in order to undertake organizational mission and objectives and secondly, it provides information to the management for making work based decisions. Performance appraisal system is required in an organization as it not only assesses the performance but also helps to motivate the individuals.

Information Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Information Structure - Essay Example Generally, syntax is the main core of syntactocentric conception and the pragmatics and semantics (information structure) are considered to be the derivatives of syntax. On the other hand, the parallel architecture theory of the place of information structure in grammar structure contrasts the arguments of syntacto-centric conception by suggesting that there is no dominant component but a series of interacting components and the interactions are not necessarily mediated through the syntactic components. However, although the theory of Syntactocentric architecture is largely premised on the belief that information structure including the relations between meaning and sound often arises from the mapping of various syntactic structures into phonetic form, recent theoretical developments have revealed that phonological structures have their limitations and their combinations cannot be merely reduced to syntactic terms. As a result, parallel architecture currently seems to be the most appropriate theory that can be used to explain the Place of information structure in grammar structure. One of the most commonly used parallel architecture approaches known as the role reference grammar (RRG) particularly posits that one single synactic representation of a sentence normally corresponds to the actual structure of a sentence.

Japanese Asset Price Bubble

Japanese Asset Price Bubble Introduction A financial crisis is said to happen when an asset loses a huge part of its face value. This can prompt to an extensive variety of hostile outcomes such as currency crashes, fall in output and as worse as sovereign defaults. Such striking emergencies have been happening since fourth century BC and have proceeded on various scales and levels. Among various crises, the Japanese asset price bubble was one of the greatest financial bubbles in history with incredibly increased stock and real estate prices. It is believed that the Japanese possess an ability to develop what they receive from the Americans. Unfortunately, the Japanese have taken up on crashes as well and made theirs much bigger than that of America. This price bubble broke down in early 1992. The bubble was characterized by rapid increase of asset prices and overheated monetary movement, and additionally an uncontrolled cash supply and credit expansion. All the more particularly, over-confidence and conjecture regarding asset and stock prices had been closely connected with extreme monetary easing policy at that time. By August 1990, the Nikkei stock index had plunged to a large portion of its crest by the time of the fifth monetary tightening by the Bank of Japan. By late 1991, prices of asset started to decline. Despite the fact that asset prices had clearly collapsed by mid 1992, the economys decline proceeded for over 10 years. This decline brought about an enormous aggregation of non-performing assets loans (NPL), bringing on challenges for various financial institutions. The bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble added to what many call the Lost Decade. Main Causes That Led To The Crisis Japans exceptionally traditional society faced substantial changes after they were defeated in the Second World War due, to a limited extent, to the Westernizing impacts of the possessing Allied Forces (Molasky, 1999). Post World War 2, Japans booming export economy and strict fiscal strategies that were intended to encourage household savings brought about a cash surplus in the nations banking framework that in the long run prompted to more lenient lending. The nations solid exchange surpluses and the Plaza Accord in 1985, which sought to debilitate the U.S. dollar against the Yen and German Deutsche Mark, made the Yen currency to appreciate against different currencies, which thus made foreign capital investments comparatively modest for Japanese organizations. The blend of abundance liquidity in the banking system, financial deregulation and the nations export miracle inevitably prompted to overconfidence and over extravagance in Japans economy, which turned into the second biggest economy on the planet after the USA in only a couple of decades. Banks began to take extreme risks that were partly funded by 186 trillion worth of Yen acquired from different capital markets. The Japanese stock price index started to ascend in the early 1980s and kept on ascending to more than five circumstances the 1980 level. Then, from 1990 it started a long stretch of decline with medium-term variations. From 1985 to 1989, Japan saw an increase in Nikkei stock index to 39,000, which was three times of the 1985 level and accounted for more than one third of the worlds stock market capitalization (Economist, 2011). The Japanese land saw similar price movements however with little amplitude. The average land price witnessed an increase an increase that was double the previous price. One year later, in 1991, the land price began to decline. There were various events that are considered responsible for causing the asset price bubble in Japan. Fukao (2001) and Kamigawa (2001) both consider financial deregulation as one of the major factors responsible in creating a favourable environment for a land price bubble, allowing firms to borrow severely in order to invest in commercial real estate, golf courses, private land and golf club memberships for households. The increasing growth in terms of Japanese asset prices is firmly linked with a noteworthy fall in short-term interest rates, between 1986 and 1987. The Bank of Japan had dropped the official discount rate from 5.00% to 2.50%. The official discount rate stayed unaltered until May 30, 1989. Post 1991, the land showed a decline and kept on falling till mid 1998, triggering the quality of loans to the real estate industry to worsen significantly. Besides, collateral value declined as before 1991, borrowers could acquire up to 90% of their land security, which dropped to half from 1991 to 1998, leaving 40% of such credits revealed. Loans to industries with land as their collateral became non-performing, leading to the bad-loan problem of Japanese banks (Hoshi 2001). The value of problem debt was recalculated by Financial Supervisory Agency (FSA) as 123 trillion yen (Lincoln 1998), raising the ratio of bad debt to GDP to 25 percent. Impact of Japanese Asset Price Bubble The years from 1991 to 2000 are referred to as the Lost 10 Years or the Lost Decade in which the Japanese asset price bubble collapsed within its economy. The explosion of the Japanese Asset Price Bubble activated materialization of adverse effects, which made the structural adjustment further arduous, thereby leading to a downward move in growth trend in the 1990s. This further reduced the asset price beyond the boom-bust cycle. It took longer to recover from the impact of these events because the new conditions imposed by the new environment were not favourable to the Japanese management style at that time. In this incident, the economy undesirably failed to resuscitate. Although, in the beginning there was a recovery in spending due to the instantaneous impact of the consumption tax hike wore off. Unfortunately, in late 1997 output toppled again and remained to fall all along the whole year of 1998. Japan had experienced the worst recession due to this downturn. After the consumption tax hike in 1997, the unexpected shock led to a terrible reduction in household spending. Also, in the later part of the year, weakness was aggravated due to the financial factors which consisted of several failures of the large firms as well as the failure of the major banks. Moreover, the increased in crisis in emerging markets of Asia disable external demand which led to additional blow to confidence. Even though there was a shift towards macroeconomic policies yet recession perpetuated 1998. In the beginning of the 1999, the interest rates were taken down to nearly zero and consistent amount of fiscal stimulus embossed fiscal deficit of general government to about 10 percentage of GDP. At last, in 1999 the economy again started to recoup. The turnaround was started by a blast of open venture spending ahead of schedule in the year and recuperation of buyer confidence as compelling activity by the government to manage feeble banks and infuse public capital into the banking system mitigated fears of financial crisis. Nonetheless, a rapid increase in the yen from its low point in mid-1998, connected to a limited extent to external improvements and in addition enhancing sentiment about the Japanese economy, has raised worries about the effect on the still delicate recuperation and prompted to calls for further facilitating of monetary policy even though short-term interest rates are a s of now practically at zero. Furthermore, a wide scale of Japanese economy is until now recuperating from the effects of the 1991 collapse. Japan also lacked in terms of producing a significant level of output per capita. In 1991, Japan had a higher percentage than Australia in real output per capita but unfortunately in 2011 Japan was overpowered by Australia. Japan was a global leader in gross output as well as labour efficiency. However, in a period of 20 years, Japan was overtaken in both the areas. Moreover, it costed them 12 excruciating years for Japans economy to revive back to its original level as was in 1995. Policy Response to The Crisis Initially the Ministry of Finance of Japan implemented a policy that aimed at safeguarding the weak banks through regulatory forbearance as well as other forms of monetary support while buying time for an anticipated revival of the economy and asset prices. The very first bank failure to take place in the post war period in Japan was the crash of Toho Sogo Bank in 1991. This was followed by collapse of other small financial institutions in 1995-1996. However, in those years, the government shelled out JPY 680 billion to help the jusen and non-banking housing loan companies to recover. This policy came under a lot of criticism as it aimed at aiding only the nonbanking financial institutions. In the June of 1996, the Deposit Insurance law was amended to bolster the deposit insurance system that consisted of a brief suspension of limits on deposit protection which was initially till March 2001 but was later extended to 2002 after which it was further prolonged till March 2005. The amendment of the Deposit Insurance Law also led to an increment in the insurance premium from 0.012% to around 0.84% on all deposits that were outstanding. This was primarily done to manage the problems of credit cooperatives instead of the major banks. In the December of 1997, the government declared that up to JPY 30 trillion of public funds will be made accessible to the Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan (DICJ) by 1998 March. This consisted of JPY 13 trillion to revitalize the bank balance sheets while JPY 17 trillion were to boost the deposit insurance system. The funds were increased to a total of JPY 60 trillion which was higher than 12% of the countrys GDP to assist the banks in 1998 October. In March 1998, 21 prime banks were rendered with JPY 1.8 trillion to help them meet the requisite capital adequacy standards. Regardless, the government interceded to aid two major banks namely Nippon Credit bank and the Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan which had to be provisionally nationalized in October 1998 as they faced difficulty in managing their loan portfolio post the bubble period. However, JPY 1.8 trillion was not sufficient to completely revive the ailing banking system. Thus, the government injected JPY 7.5 trillion more funds into 15 banks by the March of 1999. By the April of 1999, the banking system experienced a little stability for the first time after the lost decade and the Japan Premium reduced considerably. An authorized inspection manual was released by the Financial Regulatory Authority which enforced the banks to endorse stricter asset classification of NPLs. The Bank of Japan decided to implement a zero-interest rate policy (ZIRP), after nearly two decades of stagnant growth rate, to tackle the deflation and boost up the economy. ZIRP is a technique to keep the interest rate close to zero while at the same time triggering economic growth. The Central Bank, under this policy, cannot reduce interest rates anymore thus leaving the traditional monetary policy futile. Thus, the unconventional monetary policy like quantitative easing is used effectively to expand the monetary base. In 1991, the consumption and investment looked promising. The GDP growth rate was up by 3% while the interest rates were secure at 6%. However, after the tumbling of the stock prices in 1992, the Japanese economy experienced stagnation. The Consumer Price Index, a standard to measure inflation rate, fell from 2% to 0% by 1995, at the same time the period interest rates plunged to 0%. Therefore, the ZIRP was unable to revive the economy from deflation and stagnation hence leading japan into a liquidity trap. Despite the unsuccessful run of the ZIRP, this policy is still used in Japan till date. Lessons Learnt and What Could Have Been Done Differently The after math of the crisis led to the zombie decade. An era in the Japanese economy that took years to overcome once the bubble burst. There were many lessons that could be learnt from the collapse of the bubble. These can be classified into two categories. The first one being the lessons that were learnt towards the prevention of the bubble and the second being the lessons learnt from the handling of the bubble. This section will analyse the ramification the bubble had and how such an incident could be avoided in the future. It is always important to gauge the sustainability of economic and financial systems while assessing economic risks. During the bubble period, there was no stress testing when it came to the banking system. This can be seen through the analytical value of risk (VaR) done by Shimizi and Shiratsuka (2000) to predict the magnitude of non-performing assets in the Japanese banking system. It is essential for banks and central banks to perform stress tests to prevent further collapses through the formation of bubbles. Although it is necessary for banks to restructure their debt, it is essential to note that if zombie firms stick around in the market, the shrinkage of the businesses will be lasting. Caballero, Hoshi and Kashyap (2008). The central banks can act pre-emptively when it comes to matters of potential inflationary pressure Bernanke and Gertler (1999). There was an excessive amount of inflationary pressure that existed in the Japanese economy. Taylor (1993) gave the rule, named the Taylor rule as a guide post for central banks to deal with asset price fluctuations. According to the Taylor Rule, the operational target levels of interest rates must be set based on the divergence of the output gap and the inflation rate when held at equilibrium. During the end of the bubble there was an upswing in the money supply and credit and not much attention was given to it. This is an indicator to signal an increase in interest rates; which the Bank of Japan did not pay heed to. Therefore, it is significant to pay close attention to the conduct of the monetary policy in avoiding unpleasantness in the economy. There was a lack of regulation in the part of the government in managing credit risk products. To gauge the extent of a banking crisis, the total amount of loan losses should be aggregated at the earliest. This gives the agencies and policy makers an idea about the extent of the crisis and act accordingly. Fuji and Kawai(2010) suggested that once the value of NPLs has been gauged, recapitalization should be done at a faster rate than it was conducted in Japan. According to Caballero, Hoshi and Kashyap (2008), theoretically, this is possible, but practically it takes longer and most of the publicly funded recapitalization programs need parliamentary/senate approval so at times it is too late as the market developments outpace the recapitalization process. Steps Taken to Prevent Similar Crisis There has been various crises after the crisis in Japan, but the lessons learnt here have been implemented across the world to mitigate the effect of crisis or to prevent them to some extent. Krugman (1998) said that the Japanese Asset Bubble Crisis was like a full dress rehearsal or a blue print for prevention and handling of further crisis. He was right in saying so. The policies and the measures taken were mirrored and implemented across the world, most notably in Sweden, Germany, USA, and England. IMF also departed from its austerity stance for an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. The European Central Bank implemented a series of Quantitative Easing programs. In Sweden, the vice president of the Swedish Central Bank, Riksbank implemented one of the most expansionary monetary policies as a counter to the crisis in the US. The interest rates were dropped from 4.5% to 0.25%. Currently, they are negative, which could be considered as a repercussion of the policy implemented. The quick and unconventional response aided the economy during the time of crisis. Elmer, Nessen, Guibourg, and Kjelleberg(2012) The US and Japan, both have a negative feedback loop when it comes to the economy. Although the economic conditions across the globe were different when both the crisis are compared, but it almost seemed like dà ©jà   vu, when it came to dealing with the crisis. Both countries had taken similar measures, although the US was quicker in implementing it. The USA adopted the policy of public capital injections quicker, thus preventing the crisis from becoming deeper and more severe. On the monetary policy front, the US had been more aggressive in lowering rates. Shirakawa (2008). In 2015, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi implemented quantitative easing. This was done to revitalise the EU economy, wake it up from the slump it was undergoing, to stimulate the depreciating Euro and counter deflation. Although it had many critics, it has been successful and has helped in preventing a full-blown crisis. Conclusion The research study of the crisis suggests that the government of Japan failed in handling the banking sector issues in 1990s in a timely and critical manner since the crisis developed slowly and the gravity of the matter was underestimated. The government had a positive prediction for the growth while no domestic or external pressure prevailed during that time as well as there was a lack of a systematic legal framework to aid ailing banks. However, post the crisis, the authorities became more assertive in dealing with the problems. Several policies were introduced by the government to help revive the economy. They also implemented an extensive legal framework for bank resolution to help the distressed banks. Essentially, deterioration of the real economy can lead to another round of financial crisis, which can further damage the real economy. If the authorities do not address the banking sector problem promptly, then the crisis may prolong, and a full-fledged economic recovery will be significantly delayed. This could result in a lost decade for the economy. References Fujii, K., Fujii, M. and Kawai, M. (2010) ADBI working paper 222 Asian development bank institute. Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/156077/adbi-wp222.pdf (Accessed: 19 February 2017). Fund, I.M. (2000) Post-bubble blueshow Japan responded to asset price collapse. Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/nft/2000/bubble/ (Accessed: 19 February 2017). Nath, T. (2015) What is Zero interest-rate policy (ZIRP)?, in Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/031815/what-zero-interestrate-policy-zirp.asp (Accessed: 19 February 2017). Bubble burst (no date) Available at: http://www.grips.ac.jp/teacher/oono/hp/lecture_J/lec13.htm (Accessed: 19 February 2017). compuirv (2017) The Japanese deflation myth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ inflation matters. Available at: http://inflationmatters.com/japanese-deflation-myth/ (Accessed: 19 February 2017). JAPANS BUBBLE ECONOMY (1992) Available at: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/bubble.htm (Accessed: 19 February 2017). Japans bubble economy of the 1980s (2017) Available at: http://www.thebubblebubble.com/japan-bubble/ (Accessed: 19 February 2017). Revolvy, L. (no date) Japanese asset price bubble on Revolvy.Com. Available at: https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Japanese%20asset%20price%20bubbleitem_type=topic (Accessed: 19 February 2017). The causes of the Japanese lost decade: An extension of graduate thesis (no date) Available at: http://daigakuin.soka.ac.jp/assets/files/pdf/major/kiyou/16_keizai3.pdf (Accessed: 19 February 2017).

Essay --

If there were a way to make a better race, a better society, or economy wouldn't you take the chance? A new turn in science has occurred that could lead to the change of the people of the world. Genetic Engineering is the process of using technology to change the genetic makeup of cells. Parents now have the power of modifying the unborn children to select traits they think is appropriate for their child. If you could change your child in hope to stop the stroll of disease going into its genes wouldn't you? The rapid advancement in technology makes designer babies a real possibility to society. By being able to rearrange traits in your unborn children could lead to endless useful opportunities. By selecting and taking out genes for your child it can cease the chances of your child having genetic diseases such as down syndrome.This both saves children from suffering and reduces the cost and emotional strain of looking after a sick child. In the article â€Å"Are Designer Babies Ethical?† by CBS News it stated that a survey suggested most people support building a better baby when it comes ...

Drama and Theater Essay

What is drama? What are the similarities and differences between Greek Drama, Renaissance Drama, Kabuki Drama, and Contemporary Drama? Drama is tension. In the context of a play in a theatre, tension often means that the audience is expecting something to happen between the characters on stage. Will they shoot each other? Will they finally confess their undying love for one another? Drama derived from the Greek verb dran, meaning â€Å" to act† or â€Å"to do†, refers to actions or deeds as they are performed in a theatrical setting for the benefit of a body of spectators. Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is sung throughout; musicals include spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have regular musical accompaniment (Banham, 1998). Drama was the crowning glory of the Athenian Age. This period has been called by different terms. It has been called the Age of Pericles because Pericles was the ruling power in Athens at the time. It has been also called the Athenian Age because Athens became the white-hot literary center of Greece, and it has been called the Golden Age because the drama flourished during this period. There were three great tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, the greatest writer of comedy the world has ever produced ( Serrano & Lapid, 1987, p. 26) Drama and Theater The theatre of ancient Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BCE. It is true that there is much in human nature that loves dramatic presentation, for man loves to imitate other persons. Gestures by a narrator or an orator may be considered dramatic, but these are only disjointed actions; there is a wide step between this and dramatic actions. The Greeks gave the drama as a literary form to the world. The drama of antiquity is very different from the drama as we now know it. It had dignity, nobility, and power. It had little of the spontaneity and easy naturalness of modern plays. The Greek drama was cut up into situations or episodes, and between these episodes were choral recitations of great length. These choral recitations, though they had beauty and power, slowed the action and interrupted the forward movement of the story. The choruses however, were visually attractive. The participants, competed with each other in the splendor of their dresses and the excellence of their singing and dancing (Serrano and Lapid, 1987, p. 26-27). Some example of the Greek drama were the Story of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra , by Aeschylus and The story of Oedipus The King by Sophocles (p. 28). Primary in a true appreciation of Renaissance drama is the poetry. The theatre of their day was a poetical one. Rather than being confused by the poetry we find in these plays, we need to understand why the poetical theatre was, and is, superior in expression and more powerful in emotion than a realistic one. Their stage was â€Å"conventional†or poetical while today’s stage is realistic. As an example, in Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens Timon is disgusted with mankind, hating all of the supposedly â€Å"decent† people he knows. When confronted by thieves he tells them to go about their work merrily; everyone steals, and he offers examples of thievery: I’ll example you with thievery: The sun’s a thief, and with his great attraction Robs the vast sea; the moon’s an arrant thief, And her pale fire she snatches from the sun; The sea’s a thief, whose liquid surge resolves The moon into salt tears; the earth’s a thief, That feeds and breeds by a composture stol’n From gen’ral excrement; each things’s a thief. (Timon of Athens 4. 3. 438-45). Kabuki, like other traditional forms of drama in Japan as well as in other cultures around the world, was (and sometimes still is) performed in full-day programs. Rather than attending a single play for 2–5 hours, as one might do in a modern Western-style theater, one would â€Å"escape† from the day-to-day world, devoting a full day to entertainment in the theater district. Though some plays, particularly the historical jidaimono, might go on for an entire day, most plays were shorter and would be arranged, in full or in part, alongside other plays in order to produce a full-day program. This was because it was required in kabuki play to get the audience showing different preference that is in either the history plays or domestic plays like a drama, to enjoy during the full-day program. Contemporary Drama was never very popular after World War I, drama in a realist style continued to dominate the commercial theatre, especially in the United States. Even there, however, psychological realism seemed to be the goal, and nonrealistic scenic and dramatic devices were employed to achieve this end. The plays of Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams, for instance, use memory scenes, dream sequences, purely symbolic characters, projections, and the like. Even O’Neill’s later works-ostensibly realistic plays such as Long Day’s Journey into Night (produced 1956)-incorporate poetic dialogue and a carefully orchestrated background of sounds to soften the hard-edged realism. Scenery was almost always suggestive rather than realistic. European drama was not much influenced by psychological realism but was more concerned with plays of ideas, as evidenced in the works of the Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello, the French playwrights Jean Anouilh and Jean Giraudoux, and the Belgian playwright Michel de Ghelderode. In England in the 1950s John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger (1956) became a rallying point for the postwar â€Å"angry young men†; a Vietnam trilogy of the early 1970s, by the American playwright David Rabe, expressed the anger and frustration of many towards the war in Vietnam. Under he influence of Brecht, many postwar German playwrights wrote documentary dramas that, based on historical incidents, explored the moral obligations of individuals to themselves and to society. An example is The Deputy (1963), by Rolf Hochhuth, which deals with Pope Pius XII’s silence during World War II. The contemporary drama does not purport to be easy; it insists on a greater understanding of all things pertinent to modern humanity and its relationships to religion, societal order, psychology in order to appreciate its message; however, it critically acknowledges that most of us remain ignorant to all the former. Thus, the drama instructs, irritates, challenges, and begs for intelligence in order to gain from its message. It remains didactic, combined with pleasure, but always wishing to challenge the current notions of authority. References http://www. clt. astate. edu/wnarey/modern_contemporary_drama. htm Banham, Martin, (1998 ed. ). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521434378. Serrano, Josephine and Lapid, Milagros, (1987). English Communication Arts and Skills Through World Literature. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

about dreams essays

about dreams essays The subconscious is usually the right side of the brain or the opposite side of the persons writing hand. Within the subconscious lie different types of things such as suppressed emotions, creativity, and basic human instinct (Ullman and Zimmerman 1979). The conscious part of the mind works when people are awake and is the part of the mind that handles things that people can understand. No one truly knows why a person can't interact with the subconscious while awake, however studies show that dreams are a way in which people can better comprehend its behavior. The condition of the body during dreaming is interesting because the brain shuts off all sensory receptors thus, canceling all somatic impulses (Ullman and Zimmerman 1979). This puts the body in an almost paraplegic state. The brain however continues to control all autonomic functions such as blood flow, heart pulsation, and lung inflation. During the sleep, homeostasis will fluctuate because sleep occurs on four stages (Davidm ann, 1998). The individual goes from awake to stage 1, then to 2, 3, and finally 4, the deepest stage of sleep. After spending about twenty minutes in stage 4, they return to stage 1 and progress back to stage 4. The individual will continue to make these cycles throughout their sleep. Most individuals will experience about 4 to 5 cycles a night (Davidmann, 1998). This is why humans are more apt to wake up at specific times in the night and not sporadically (most people do not notice this however). During stage 1 the individual will experience what has been named REM (Rapid Eye Movement), I will make further elaboration on REM momentarily. For now I would like to point out that during REM the body will show more signs of consciousness by spontaneous muscle contractions, flagellate excretion, and oculomoter coordination (eye movement). The body will experience these tensions and reactions because this is the active time of sleep in the average human (Dav ...

ESL Lesson Plan to Teach the Future Tenses Going to and Will

ESL Lesson Plan to Teach the Future Tenses Going to and Will Making the choice to use will or going to is difficult for many ESL students. This lesson focuses on providing context for students so that they can understand the basic difference between something that is planned for the future (use of going to) and a spontaneous decision (use of will). Students first study a short dialog and answer some questions. After this, students give answers to a number of questions which elicit either will or going to. Finally, students get together for some small talk to practice. ESL Lesson Plan Aim: Developing a deeper understanding of the use of the future with will and going toActivity: Dialog reading, follow-up questions, small talkLevel: lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline: Start the lesson by asking some questions with will and going to. Be sure to mix the questions up. For example:​Â  What do you think will happen at school tomorrow?, What are you going to do after school today?, What will you do if you dont understand this lesson?, Where are you going to travel on your next vacation?Ask students to reflect on the questions you asked. Which forms did you use? Can they explain why?Pass out the dialog and ask the students to read through and answer the questions.As a group, correct the questions and ask students to explain why certain questions used will and others going to. A further possibility is to ask students to highlight the sections of the dialog that used will and those that used going to. Ask them to explain why.Have students write out answers to the question sheet. Go around the room to help individual students and check that students are answering using the correct form.As a class, elicit answers from various students. When appropria te, ask students to elaborate on their answers in order to give them a further chance to use these forms. Ask students to use the small talk questions with each other in pairs or in small groups. Optional homework:Â  Ask students to prepare a short paragraph on their future plans for study, hobbies, marriage, etc. (Use of going to). Ask them to write out a few predictions about the future of their lives, the country, the current political party, etc. (future with will) Dialogue Exercise 1: The Party Martha: What horrible weather today. Id love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining.Jane: Oh, I dont know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.Martha: I hope youre right. Listen, Im going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come?Jane: Oh, Id love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Whos going to come to the party?Martha: Well, a number of people havent told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help out with the cooking!Jane: Hey, Ill help, too!Martha: Would you? That would be great!Jane: Ill make lasagna!Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. Im sure theyll love it.Jane: Italians? Maybe Ill bake a cake...Martha: No, no. Theyre not like that. Theyll love it.Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?Martha: No, I dont think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.Jane: Im sure itll be lots of fun.Martha: But Im going to hire a clown!Jane: A clown! Youre kidding me. Martha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, Im going to have a clown at my own party.Jane: Im sure everyone will have a good laugh.Martha: Thats the plan! Follow-Up Questions What do they think about the weather?What does Martha have to share?What are Peter and Mark going to do?What does Jane offer to do?How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?What special plan is there?Why does Martha want a clown?Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not, why not?How does Jane think people will react to the clown?Is there a theme for the party? Dialogue Exercise 2: Questions Tell me about your future plans for work or study.What important event do you think will happen soon?Your friend needs some help with some homework. What do you say?Tell me about your plans for this coming summer.Complete this sentence: If I dont understand this exercise ...What do you think future English lessons will be about?

Hospice and Palliative Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Hospice and Palliative Care - Essay Example According to the discussion the data was collected, taking into consideration what would be applicable for the client ´s care in a delicate manner. It was collected at the Hospice of Central Ohio and at the Palliative Care of Central Ohio. The information was gathered from the centers. The objectives of these organizations are to work closely with the death processes and all of those involved with it. The target audience is everyone that is involved with the dying processes.From this paper it is clear that the services rendered by these organizations are covered by Medicaid and Medicare benefits and most of them provide insurance. These two organizations are non-profit organizations. These services are related to the course because they provides help and they want to improve the society by informing it of death issues, services and ways in which they are able to assist their dying loved one and ways in which they are able to overcome the death loss. The strengths of these organizat ions are that they provide support to the client and their families, such as, how to cope with illnesses. They also ensure that the clients and their famillies are receiving the best possible care. The possible weaknesses are that they may not be available during their entire grieving process. They may, however, be referred to other specialists that may help them for a longer period of time.  On an overall basis, the assessment of these services are positive. There are 200 trained volunteers.  

Initial Site Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Initial Site Plan - Essay Example Initial Site Plan The about us webpage will provide information specific to church and all the staff information with their email link. It is important aspect to think about interested newcomers children. This section will provide information related to kids programs such as Pre-School, Elementary, and Grade Classes, and family lodges. It is important to provide a separate section for website users so that they can easily contact. This webpage will provide contact form to website users. In addition, phone number and fax will be available in this page so that interested newcomers get answer for their queries instantly. For navigation, website user can use navigation links provided on the left of the website. Using these navigation links, the user can move from any page to any page. The link for the home page will be included in all pages so that user can return to the home page from any page. Background color (table) selected is dark red that will be selected (displayed) through graphic image. In addition, whole pages (where content will be not displayed) background color selected is Sandy Brown. The text colors are yellow (body text) and salt gray (footer, etc). The visual design elements selected complement each other. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) will be used for consistent look across all WebPages. The main content will come from daily to daily-church activities (news, events, etc). The other content such as contact us, what to expect, kids program, and contact us that will probably not change frequently will be made after discussion with staff members of the Syracuse Vineyard Church.

Professional Nursing Boundaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional Nursing Boundaries - Essay Example Other boundaries include respecting the integrity of personal information, separating the professional demands from emotions, inability to call patient nicknames such as honey or sweetie (Barton, n.d). In addition, professionals can not touch the patients in appropriately and the demeanor of the physician should always be professional. In addition, tips, gifts or favors are also boundaries that exist in all health care settings (Barton, n.d). In the situation where I would witness a colleague violating professional boundaries, I would first confront him or her and explain the situation. Depending on the nature of the situation, I would observe and see if he or she makes any changes. If the colleague continues to violate the boundaries, I would have no choice but to report the issue to my superiors. However, if the violation involves more serious scenarios that jeopardize the health of the patient, I would report the situation

Definition of a Savage Essay Example for Free

Definition of a Savage Essay In â€Å"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America†, Benjamin Franklin opens by saying â€Å"Savages we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; they think the same of theirs† (Franklin, 2008, p. 226). When Franklin wrote this, he had no idea that our society would continue to complicate the differences between cultures to the extent they exist still today. Many of the colonists attempted to convert Native Americans to Christianity but failed because they could not accept another culture as being equal to their own. They saw the natives as an inferior group of people that must be saved and taught to live the same as the white man. The narrow minded views of these early settlers with all of their so called proper ways and education caused them to be the savages. Our modern day society is driven by wants versus needs. Many people feel a sense of entitlement to things whether they have earned them or not. Franklin describes the Indians as hunters and warriors, living off the land and taking only what they needed. They learned from each other. They listened to each other and gave someone speaking the full attention deserved. â€Å"Having few artificial wants, they have abundance of leisure for improvement by conversation† (Franklin, 2008, p. 226). The Indians did not possess the materialistic nature of the white man. They welcomed a stranger into their community, fed and clothed him, offered him a place to sleep and expected nothing in return but fellowship. The colonists would not have offered the same hospitality to an Indian that appeared as a stranger at their door. In trying to convert the Indians to Christianity, the colonists explained their church services as meeting â€Å"to hear and learn good things† (Franklin, 2008, p. 229) but upon hearing the Indians explain something from their beliefs, the colonists passed it off as â€Å"mere fable, fiction, and falsehood† (Franklin, 2008, p. 228). Franklin (2008) wrote about an event that occurred at the Treaty of Lancast er in 1744. The Indians were offered a chance to send six of their young men to college to receive an education. Their response was they preferred to teach the Indian values and customs because it would ensure their young men would become valuable members of their own culture. The Indians did reciprocate by offering to take twelve young white men, educate them and â€Å"make men of them† (p. 227). The colonists clearly believed their way to be better because they felt their society to be more civilized. In comparison of the British House of Commons and an Indian council, Franklin (2008) discussed how the English have to speak very quickly to get their words out before being interrupted and that often a call to order was issued because of the arguments that frequently occurred. In contrast, the Indian council was held with order and great respect for others when it was their turn to speak (p. 227). The Indian culture was strange to the colonists and they perceived anything contradictory from their way of life to be uncivilized. This close minded view was apparent in how quickly the colonists dismissed the Indians religious beliefs. They felt the white man’s education was superior to those of the Indian ways. By not being accepting, the colonists showed great bias toward the Indians they called savages. This behavior toward the Indians ultimately resulted in destroying much of their culture. Many Indians were attacked and killed and the survivors were forced to leave their lands. The savages were not the Indians but the colonists that came to America and destroyed the Native American culture. Our society still struggles with the point Franklin was trying to convey. A difference in beliefs and cultures does not make any particular group of people superior over another. References Franklin, B. (2008). The general history of virginia, new england, and the summer isles. In N. Baym, W. Franklin, P. Gura, J. Klinkowitz A. Krupat (Eds.), The Norton Anthology Of American Literature (pp. 226-230). New York, NY: W W Norton Co Inc.

The Shining :: essays research papers

The Shining The Shining is about a white middle class dysfunctional family that suffers from natural and supernatural stresses in an isolated Rocky mountain hotel. .The father, a former teacher turned writer, is portrayed as a habitual drinker, wife- and child-abuser, with a kind of evil streak The mother is shown as a battered woman. The film suggests that due to the abuse at the hands of his father and the passivity of his mother, the child of this family developed psychological problems. He had imaginary friends and began to see frightening images. Early in the film , a psychologist is called in to treat the troubled child :and she calmed the mother with a statement to the effect that, â€Å" These things come and go but they are unexplainable†. This juncture of the film is a starting point for one of the central themes of the film which is : how a fragile family unit is besieged by unusual forces both natural and supernatural which breaks and possesses and unites with the morally challenged father while the mother and the child through their innocence, love, and honesty triumph over these forces. One motif which reappears in the film is the power of nature, especially in relation to the individual. In fact, the film begins with a majestic shot of the Rocky Mountains showing its beauty and height. The beauty of nature and even friendliness of nature changes as the film develops. As the movie progresses the snow still seems white and pure, almost virgin like, but nature becomes an isolating force, not providing the family with a retreat from the pressures of modern life, but forcing the family to turn in on its dysfunctional and psychopathic self. Imprisoned by the snow and the tall mountains , the family seems weak and vulnerable. Nature has no compassion for the plight of the family, nor is it a malicious force; it is merely a power with constructive or destructive potential. We see its constructive side when it freezes Johnny to death. The weakness of the individual is another motif in the film. Perhaps we see this most clearly with the boy who is sensitive to and harassed by the supernatural forces in the hotel. As we know from everyday experience children seem weak because they are small and usually are very sensitive and easily hurt by the negative and destructive outbursts of adults. Our general sense of a child’s vulnerability is heightened by the way the child of The Shining is forced to grapple with such evil and terrible forces which are likely to be difficult for all of us.

Rhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech Essay

On November 6th, 2012, Barack Obama was re-elected as president of the U.S. The following day, Barack Obama held his victory speech. This paper will analyze and comment on an excerpt of that particular victory speech and the key focus of the analysis will be on the rhetorical effects of the speech. By using many forms of rhetorical tools like Anaphora or Tautology, President Barack Obama manages to give a speech that is full of American ideas of life, like the American Promise, the American Dream and the future. The speech is very similar to the one he did in 2008 at the Democratic Convention, and contains many form of repetition and â€Å"between the lines† political views. In the first couple of paragraphs, Barack Obama deliberately begins his sentences with the same couple of words, e.g. â€Å"You’ll hear†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"We want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"That’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  followed by positive ideas about the USA, Americans or what the future will bring . This is when the first rhetorical tool is used, and Barack Obama uses Anaphora by starting his sentences with the same lines over and over again. This is a great way to make his statements stand out both greater than they are and easier to remember. Moving on from here, Barack Obama talks about the American Spirit, and gives several examples on how the U.S. will have ended the economic crisis and war in a very near future. The future itself is a huge topic in the speech and when talking about it, Barack Obama gently uses as many rhetorical tools as possible to ensure that the message goes through. One of these rhetorical tools is the Apostrophe, for example when he says: â€Å"It’s not always a straight line. It’s not always a smooth path.† But also when he is talking about the union straight from the beginning: â€Å"It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He talks about the union and the future like they were capable of understanding what was said about them, or if they were alive, and once again, Anaphora is used so all these optimistic ideas will stick. All in all, this entire speech is made up, using Tautology at its best: When reading the speech, you get the sense that Barack Obama is just repeating himself of how well he and his country have been doing lately and how bright the future is for everything and everyone. As previous mentioned this speech is very similar to the one he gave in 2008 at the Democratic Convention. One of the paragraphs from the 2008 speech is almost identical to the victory speech four years later. In both of the speeches,  Barack Obama talks about how great, wealthy and powerful the U.S. is, but says that it is because of the American Spirit and not the military or the universities. Overall the speeches are very alike. Both of the speeches mention the American Dream and how every American should follow up to their promise and how the U.S. has made it to a point of no return where moving forward is the only option. If one was to look at the speech and occasion, they’d probably think, that given it is a victory speech to the entire nation, the speech would automatically become neutral. I say this mainly because he, in the speech, addresses everyone: â€Å"And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is talking to every American, Democratic, Republican – even third parties. Even after considering that, Barack Obama still doesn’t keep the speech neutral as I for one thinks that he should. He manages to put some of his polit ical work into it. This quote is taken directly from the speech, when Barack Obama is talking about a girl, who was about to die from leukemia: â€Å"[†¦] had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.† This is a very sensitive area for everybody, and Barack Obama uses that to his advantage by using pathos which makes most of the listeners feel pity for the little poor girl, and at the same time happiness because of what Barack Obama has done for the U.S. This actually leads the Americans to ask themselves a rhetorical question: If it wasn’t for Barack Obama’s health care, would this little girl have died then? Unfortunately, the answer would with most certainty be yes. There are similar points in the speech, not as obvious though, as when he addresses every American, including the homosexual, or gay as they are referred to, which is very much against most of the Republican Americans. The speech itself is just what you’d expect from any reasonable leader in the U.S It is a speech where the American Dream is the biggest topic, when being optimistic about the future and then work a little harder is all there is to save the nation. It is a speech that will promise a greater country, and contains a lot of empty promises, just like in the campaigns. Personally, I believe that if Mitt Romney had won the election, the speech he would have given would have been almost identical to this. Of course, there’re some parts where their political views would be different, but all in all I think the essence and rhetorical layout of a victory speech would be pretty much the same. Just like it were back in 1776 when all of this began.

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love

Justin Goings Debra Dockter English Composition October 12th 2012 â€Å"The definition of love may be unique to the individual, if it can be defined at all† The feeling you have when you first look upon your new born child, the radiant warmth in your face when you say â€Å"I do† at the altar, or the divine feeling in your chest when you pray. Every one of these situations could be used to describe love. Its an emotion so richly embedded into our minds, that every single one of us can say they’ve experienced it in their lives. Some might even say they’ve molded their existence around it.However, while we are all familiar with love, the situations in which we encounter it are so diverse that the definition has become unique to the individual person. â€Å"What We Talk about When We Talk about Love† does an amazing job of forcing the reader to wonder what this feeling really means to them. What starts out as a normal conversation between four friends almost turns into a harsh debate on the elusive nature of love. Of the four people in the story the person that appears to struggle with the topic the most is Mel. The author seems to use a bit of symbolism in his story by making Mel a cardiologist.Almost as if saying because he is a heart doctor, he would have plenty to say about matters of the heart. Mel’s original position is that real love is nothing less than spiritual love, but he quickly becomes unsatisfied with his original answer. Seeing the affection between Nick and Laura makes him analyze the question even further. He eventually goes into a story about an elderly couple that was gravely injured in a car accident and it looks like he is going to have a strong point, yet somehow he can’t exactly describe what it is.Despite Mel’s knowledge though, he still struggles to find a clear answer. My favorite example in the story is when Mel is trying to explain sentimental love. He explains that he and Terri s ay that they love each other, yet they would both say that they have loved other people before them. That the â€Å"saving grace† is when one of them dies, the other might grieve for a while, but will eventually love again. All of their love would just be a memory, if it was even that. This helps to illustrate that love is such an important part of people’s lives because that we are able to move on nd love again after tying such important emotional feelings with someone. But in relation to the story it leaves you feeling as if love has no meaning. Regardless of it being the saving grace he says it is, the thought seems to disturb Mel because at this point on he displays obvious aggression towards his wife. Nick, the narrator of the story, doesn’t seem to have to many vocal opinions on what love actually means to him, but it’s his observations or actions that really seem to give away his stance. For example throughout the story he is constantly making gest ures to his wife.Such as resting his hand on his her thigh, or kissing her hand. He is always showing his affection, leading you to believe that love for him and Laura is strictly sentimental. It’s the only points in the story where I feel love was actually expressed and felt. It almost seems like the author is trying to say that even though they may never reach an agreement on what love is, actions are the only thing that matters in the end. The only character that touches on the fact that love is different from person to person is Mel’s wife, Terri.She explains that her ex-husband loved her so much that he tried to kill her. Everyone else seems mortified by her story and they try their best to convince her that abuse is not love. However her opinion is important in explaining the diversity of the emotion, because even though her ex husband expressed it in a very unhealthy manner, all the characteristics of love were there. Even though no one else shares her feelings with the example, she’s the only one with a solid idea of what it means.Nick and Laura only show what they feel about love by touching each other gently, or by saying â€Å"I love you†. And Will talks like he has a lot of ideas on what the definition is, but by the end of the story you realize he’s just as confused as everyone else. Terri is the only person that can actually express a view of love from personal experience. The sun setting in the story, in combination with the drinking seems to bring a loss of clarity on the subject as the friends continue to talk.Nick notes in the beginning that â€Å"sunlight filled the kitchen from the big window behind the sink† and the general mood of the party seems to be pretty happy. However as the conversation becomes a bit more complex and dark, Nick notes that the light in the kitchen is fading. The guests even seem to become more content to letting Will rant on. By the end of the story it is nighttime and no on e is left talking. You’re left with an almost hopeless feeling and begin to wonder if any of them actually really love each other. What We Talk about When We Talk about Love† was a story that I actually enjoyed reading a few times to try and understand. I believe that it illustrates the true diversity of the emotion and is a story to really make you think. Even though by the end you feel like love is almost hopeless, it is after a bit of reflection that you begin to realize the complexity of the word. It might not have an exact definition, and maybe it’s because of the inadequacy of the human language, but everyone will have a special example of what love really means to them.

International Exchange Rates

International Exchange Rates International exchange rates are the ones used to exchange a country’s currency with another country’s currency in a particular period of time. Exchange rates influence various monetary systems in different parts of the world. Exchange rates change depending on factors related to demand and supply (Gaspar, 2011, p. 67).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Exchange Rates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, an increase in the demand of goods produced in Japan causes the Yen to appreciate while a decrease in the demand of Japanese goods will make the Yen depreciate. Low rates of inflation in an economy increase the value of the local currency while high rates of inflation in an economy decrease the value of the local currency. High interest rates in an economy increase the value of the local currency due to an increase in the amount of money deposited in banks (Melicher and Norton, 201 2, p. 79). Changing exchange rates has a big impact on the amount of revenues a company obtains in a particular market. For instance, a business manager whose firm sells crude oil in the US needs to know the exchange rate of the dollar because a weak dollar will make him obtain crude oil imports at a higher price. Therefore, he/she needs to plan how his firm will withstand risks associated with changing currency rates (Brigham and Davies, 2012, p. 53). Germany, just like several European Union member countries, stopped using the Mark in favor of the euro, more than 10 years ago. The current exchange rate of the US dollar equivalent to the euro is pegged at 1 dollar to 0.76 euro. The current exchange rate of the dollar equivalent to the British pound is pegged at 1 dollar to 0.6553 pound. It is better to produce goods in the United States and ship them to Britain or Germany because most international transactions are pegged on the dollar. Graph showing exchange rate between the doll ar and the euro for the last 3 years. Source: www.fxtop.com Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Graph showing exchange rates of the dollar equivalent to the sterling pound for the last 3 years. Source: https://fxtop.com/ The Chinese Yuan is not allowed to float freely in international markets and its use is highly restricted by the Chinese financial authorities. Many Chinese companies which operate internationally prefer to use the dollar instead of the Yuan in their transactions (Scott, 2012). Any firm that invests in the country is in a better position to diversify its foreign currency reserves. This will protect it from risks associated with instabilities in foreign exchange markets. References Brigham, E. F., Davies, P. R. (2012). Intermediate financial management. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Gaspar, J. (2011). Introduction to global business: Understanding the international environment. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Melicher, R. W., Norton, E. A. (2012). Introduction to finance: Markets, investments, and financial management. New York, NY: Wiley. Scott, R. E (2012, August 23). The China toll. Economic Policy Institute Publication. Retrieved from https://www.epi.org/publication/bp345-china-growing-trade-deficit-cost/

A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States

A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States Overview There are myriad environmental benefits presented by the production and use of nuclear energy. Studies on this fuel have indicated that it has a negligible contribution to global warming since there are no emissions of greenhouse gases.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, other toxic gaseous compounds such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are not emitted in nuclear reactor plants or in points of consumption. In any case, the process entailed in the conversion of nuclear energy to electric energy does not involve any combustion of solid or liquid substances that may be injurious to the environment. Hence, in a conventional sense, no single substance undergoes the process of incineration as it is common with other types of fuels. Besides, the production of heat in nuclear plants is due to fission of radioactive substances but not through the process of oxidation. The quantity of fuels spent in nuclear reactors is almost the same amount of end products (energy) produced by the reactor. This implies that there is minimal loss of energy to the environment in form of waste products. The fuels that have been spent are not let free to the environment but are stored in the assembly points within the reactor. Contrary to the production of energy using fossil fuels, all the solid wastes and particulate matter in nuclear reactors are not disposed to the ambient environment.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although wastes generated from nuclear plants are not emitted freely to the surrounding environment, the impact of releasing such wastes would be disastrous if it were permitted. The reason behind, is the fact that n uclear plants produce an assortment of waste products that are more risky to the environment than fossil fuels. For instance, solid wastes generated from the reactor system may be highly toxic when exposed to living environment. Moreover, there are quite a number of process chemicals that would pose serious threat to fauna and flora if it were emitted to the environment. There is also excessive steam emanating from heated water that as well as spent fuel that contain traces of radioactive substances harmful to life. Nonetheless, there is a distinction between the amount of electric energy produced and the mass of waste products, which is rather small. Therefore, the impact to the environment may not be similar in magnitude to the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the plant operators have the full control of the harmful wastes being generated. The waste control measure involves variety of individuals and agencies such as plant managers, owners of the nuclear reactors as well as the Depa rtment of Energy. There are stringent measures taken to ascertain that no waste materials fins their way to the environment until the last stage of disposal.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also imperative to note that spent fuel from nuclear waste is primarily radioactive in nature. On the other hand, a very small fraction of waste materials from fossil fuels contain radioactive substances. In both cases though, solid wastes can substantially spoil the environment. The nature of damage posed to the environment depends on the nature of the nuclear plant being used and also the extraction process of fossil fuel themselves. Quite often, the management of wastes from nuclear reactors is undertaken up to the disposal phase. However, it is not quite easy to manage partic ulate matter and stack gases from fossil fuels before they are released from the fuel production system. The fact the gaseous waste products are dealt with well after they have been released increases the risk of exposure of these toxic substances to human, animal and plant life. Although it is possible to manage fossil fuel wastes either partially or fully, the process may prove to be costly both in terms of setting up waste management systems within fossil fuel pant establishments in addition to emanating the systems to remain effective and efficient in disposing wastes. On the same note, operators who run nuclear plants have the responsibility of ensuring that appropriate systems are installed within the nuclear reactors to eliminate or control wastes generated during the radioactive processes and reactions. Hence, the cost of controlling wastes through building of structures cannot be evaded by either fossil fuel or nuclear plant operators. Furthermore, it is also pertinent to m ake controversial decisions regarding the most applicable waste control measures to adopt.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To this end, the cost-benefit analysis on environmental impact of nuclear energy compared to other forms of energy relies heavily on the waste value attached on each type of pant used to generate energy resources. For example, airborne wastes originating from nuclear power are largely eliminated before being exposed to the environment. The minimal volume of radioactive wastes generated from nuclear reactors is indeed advantageous in terms of cost since managing such small quantities of wastes is both cost effective and beneficial to the owners of the company due to reduced overheads. Similarly, fossil fuels equally generate harmful solid and gaseous wastes but the environmental impact of the latter may be hefty compared to spent fuel from nuclear reactors. Nonetheless, none of the waste stream can be embraced in the environment. Both wastes are disastrous regardless of the point of source. The wastes produced by nuclear power have been found to bear the highest environmental costs i n comparison to other types of fuels. As already mentioned, the quantity of waste produced from nuclear plants may be quite small when a comparison is drawn with other type of fuels such as fossil fuels. However, if these wastes from spent fuels are not nipped at the bud, the impacts can be extreme. In fact, wastes generation during the production of nuclear energy should never be permitted into the environment at all costs. The waste streams can be handled from the point of production using two key options. To begin with, clean sources of energy, also known as renewable energy are usually in place just in case surplus power needs to be generated. In spite of these alternatives, each of the method of producing energy has its own environmental impact that cannot be avoided in the process of production and consumption of the resource. It is also vital to note that the environmental impacts of these alternative fuels may be positive or negative. The availability of these power generati on sources does not, however, solve the challenge of the ever-increasing power demands in United States. For a considerable length of time now, fossil fuels imported from foreign destination have been instrumental as the chief source of energy. At a time when there seems to be strain and over-reliance on fossil fuels, nuclear power seems to come in handy. Thus, the cost benefit analysis on the use of nuclear power and the projected environmental concerns are crucial in the evaluation of potentiality of nuclear power. Secondly, managing demand for power is critical in a bid to alleviate the environmental impacts of wastes generated from spent fuels in nuclear plants (Morris, 2007). It is definite that power generation is usually accompanied by wastes and the two components can be separate or discussed in isolation. In order to reduce nuclear power wastes, the demand for power should go down. Hence, reducing the demand for power will have a ripple effect on the quantity of wastes prod uced. One likely proposal would be to consume less energy so that the demand for the same is lowered. Consequently, wastes associated with power production will equally be lowered. Nonetheless, this will not address the challenge of economic development since myriad of outlets such as industrials plants and domestic settings will continue to demand for more energy as time progresses. When managing demand for energy, it is pertinent to acknowledge cycles for need ranges from the daily to seasonal basis. The pattern of fuel choice and use will be affected significantly if such consumption cycles are treated on a common platform or flattened altogether. The choice of fuel cannot be merged with managing demand for energy. However, the duo processes may as well complement each other. Indeed, the case of nuclear power being compared with fossil fuel is a critical example of this nature (Ramana, 2009). The base load, for instance, works well with nuclear power source. This base load refers to a state of stable demand for energy over a considerable length of time. Similarly, the cyclical demands for energy can be met using other source of energy like fossil fuels and hydropower. In line with this, it goes without saying that when nuclear power is put into perspective of cost benefit, it remains to be most reliable during both the peak and off-peak loads. Hence, when demand level s are leveled, the production of nuclear power may be favored. This can also be a viable way of regulating environment pollution arising from other sources. On the overall, nuclear energy is a growing contributor of US energy needs, contributing about 20% of the total energy requirement in this vast country. On a global scale, this form of energy accounts close to 14% of energy production. Although the United States and the world at large is still relying heavily on fossil fuel, the need to devise other alternative and clean sources of energy is ever beckoning. Is this agreement is implemented , then depending on unstable nations for crude oil resources will be reduced substantially. Besides, the cost of energy production will also go down. Hence, the additional spending on oil imports can be channeled to other areas of development agenda for the country. Although an alternative power generation is needed to supplement fossil fuel use, the undesirable impacts associated with other sources ought to be addressed beforehand so that the environmental impacts are brought to a level low. Situational analysis In 2005 alone, 86 quadrillion of crude oil was imported and consumed by the United States. The quantity of crude oil consumption has continued to grow exponentially even as demand skyrockets. The rate at which energy is being consumed does not match the production rate thereby leading to deficit. The last fifty years or so witnessed a near balance between the two parameters, namely energy consumption and production. In order to meet this difference, the Federal government h a to import crude oil resources. Sincerely speaking, energy exploration should be given a restart in the US. The reliability of nuclear energy is one the reasons why the United States should be boasting of rich uranium deposits. Generating power from radioactive elements such as uranium and polonium assures an uninterrupted supply of electric energy and hence, it is highly predictable both in terms of timing in availability and quantity demanded. The disposal of wastes generated from radioactive substances remains to be the strongest point in the use nuclear energy. United States has the best potential for producing nuclear power since it is well endowed with deposits of uranium. Premise One outstanding feature of nuclear power is that it can be accessed readily and easily. However, the United States government has not taken the full advantage of this resource as an option that can be employed in harnessing supplementary power. Several research studies have already concluded that nu clear energy is effective in terms of cost management. Moreover, this form of energy is quite worthwhile to invest in owing to well refined process of controlling environmental pollution of nuclear generated wastes. In addition, its sustainability is far beyond par since it can be relied on for a considerably long period of time. If adopted, it can generate adequate power alongside lowering cost of producing energy. Moreover, waste disposal procedures in nuclear plants are indeed phenomenon when addressing the cost benefit analysis of this form of energy. The key problem statement to be addressed in this paper is the identification of impacts of nuclear power as far as cost and benefit are concerned. The effect of this energy resource both economically and environmentally is vital in this discussion. When comparing nuclear energy with other sources of energy, the cost benefit analysis cannot be ignored since it gives the clearest picture. Wastes from nuclear plants Disposing of wast es from nuclear plants face various restrictions from the local, state and federal government. In order to impose these restrictions, myriad of elements are used. For instance, government regulation, enactment and enforcement of by-laws or legislations as well as owner commitment to dispose radioactive wastes are all channels through which waste disposal controls can be put into force. Hence, restrictions of this nature that govern waste disposal from nuclear plants reflects the public opinion on the best measure that can be employed in managing wastes based on their value as well as cost. It is highly likely that there will be opinion differences among different players or concerned members of the public on the best method to use to control wastes from nuclear reactors. In other words, the emission policies may not address the views of all those who are concerned with safe disposal of wastes and the environmental impacts of the same. The type and nature of wastes disposed from an e nergy production process often depicts the type of restriction imposed. Thus, environmental controls on waste disposal will largely depend on the type of power plant being used to produce energy. Besides, variations also exist in terms of level needed to regulate the emission of certain environmental pollutants. A crucial example is the effect of steam discharge from hot water, since it may significantly affect the normal temperature of the surrounding water bodies. In retrospect, it is paramount to note that nay slight change or variation of normal temperature of the nearby water bodies may adversely affect certain plant and animal species which are not accustomed to a warmer environment. Furthermore, the ecology of the affected water masses is altered. Consequently, policy issues emerge to debate on the impact of such discharges and whether corrective actions should be taken or not. When concerns of this nature are addressed in operating nuclear power plants, the nature of control s as well as costs required will be established. For instance, a cooling system that lowers the temperature of hot water can be put in place. Better still, the quantity of waste discharge to the environment can be stipulated in order to monitor how much in terms of pollution is let free in the environment and the degree of impact on plant and animal species. The spent fuel disposal is still the worst environmental fear for all nuclear plants used to generate power. Usually, the fission of process that involves splitting of radioactive nuclides does not pass through any heating stage. In practice, no single matter undergoes combustion since the entire process is oxidation-the loss of electrons by the atomic species in the radioactive nuclides. As a result, the process of nuclear fission is accompanied by minimal conversion of mass of the raw material to energy. From the point of insertion up to the eventual removal from the system, there are myriad of control measures that are put in place. The process of disposing solid and gaseous wastes is so strongest that the immediate environment is not affected negatively at all. The point at which the solid and gaseous toxic products are deposited is keenly monitored, making it cost effective to the environment in terms of pollution control. The adoption of strict disposal measures of nuclear wastes is indeed one of the reasons why the use of nuclear power to generate energy is an excellent option when seeking alternative sources of ‘clean’ energy (Suppes Storvick, 2007). The processes of generating power incorporate two main reactions namely nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. The two processes take place between the materials and the fuel units and are both accompanied by notable loss of heat energy with the emission of certain radioactive particles harmful to skin and the rest of the animal body (Hantula Voege, 2009). The accumulation of products obtained from fission (splitting) and fusion (joining) r esults into the spending of nuclear fuel. At this point, the nuclear fuel cannot generate any surplus power. There is a large amount of energy fuel which is not consumed in this process. However, there is need to investigate whether surplus fuel can be produced from the residues. The chemical and physical characteristics of the spent fuel are not similar I nay way. This difference is indeed necessary in the process of handling waste materials and disposing them before they exit the reactor. Nonetheless, the stages involved in the handling of these wastes do not come without a cost. There are expenses which are incurred and are part and parcel of the nuclear production overhead (Department of Energy, DOE., 1988). Spent fuel can be handled in different applying unique procedures. Hence, potential techniques are varied. For instance, recycling is one of the procedures used to eliminate or alleviate the toxicity of spent fuels which are already in form of wastes. The main advantage of r ecycling is that the process undertakes some form of reprocessing of raw materials that were not completely used up. Hence, recycling is an economically beneficial process that improves the viability of setting up a nuclear plant. When some the spent fuel is recycled, the environmental risk of the crude waste product is reduced significantly. The end product after reprocessing is less harmful and can be safely released into the environment. Another benefit of recycling is the increased output of the total energy production. There is minimal wastage of the raw materials that have been categorized as waste products. The approach being taken in the United States is that which entails burying down all the waste products collectively known as spent fuel. All waste products from radioactive reactors are perceived to be highly toxic and the best alternative of managing such wastes is to burry then deep underground. Although this procedure of disposing wastes seem to be viable, it may equal ly lack sustainability especially in situations whereby landfills are to be acquired separately for burying wastes. This will imply that the operators of nuclear plants will have to undergo additional expenses as part of the production costs. Both transmutation and recycling have not been adopted in totality since they are still under policy considerations. In addition, the two aforementioned processes will interfere with the timing, quantity, period and the nature of the very burials (Nunn Ebel, 2000). The operating costs of the nuclear plants will definitely be increased perhaps by substantial amount. Currently, the overall duty of disposing spent fuels from nuclear plants lies with the US Department of Energy. Well, this has been quite reliable source of funding although sustainability remains to be subject of concern owing to the on-going dispute over the legality and constitutionality of such charges. The burden of funding waste disposal program has been left to the public and the very funds have been considered to be a form of subsidy to the waste disposal initiative. It is important to note that the federal government involves itself directly in the nuclear waste disposal program than any other type of energy production program (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, 2003). There are also concerns over the sufficiency of funds being raised by the public. The costs involved in the reprocessing of wastes may indeed go up with time. Worse still, if the nuclear energy production program is expanded by any means, the volume of nuclear wastes generated will equally increase (Findlay, 2010). This will be the case especially in a few years time since the demand for energy is continually increasing. Hence, nuclear energy generation may face lack of adequate funds in the foreseeable future. Should this happen, then the disposal of toxic nuclear wastes may be a gigantic challenge to the Department of Energy. Furthermore, as the cost of producing nuclear power may also be un predictable owing to factors such as inflation and economic recession. The Department for Energy in liaison with the federal government is currently a burial site for nuclear wastes in Nevada. Although much hope has been vested in acquiring this site, the court dispute is still raging and therefore the time when this site will be acquired is indefinite. Such controversies especially those regarding waste disposal mechanisms has remained to be a major challenge in the adoption of nuclear energy production as an alternative source of energy. Even as environmental concerns continue to bother the Department of Energy, the US energy demand is still an economic quagmire. As it is the case now, the status of nuclear waste disposal is pathetic. The use of temporary sites for disposing spent fuels from nuclear reactors is the order of the day. Hence, most of the wastes emitted from nuclear plants have not been disposed appropriately. The reprocessing of these wastes within the plant system s eems o be the most viable and readily used method as per now. Sooner or later, the alternate or temporary sites will be overwhelmed by the continual disposal unless lasting solution is sought in due time. Comparison The main forms of energy production are quite flexible and resilient in generating electricity. Although oil can be used to generate electricity, its high market cost as an imported product prohibits its use in the generation of electricity (Molak, 1997). As it is well known, the use of natural gas and coal poses gross environmental risks in spite of the fact each of these energy component has its own emission criteria. For instance, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted during the combustion of coal may not necessarily be the same although both of them are pollutants in the environment. When nuclear power is used to generate electricity, a clear distinction can be drawn right from the outset. There are vivid environmental pollution levels when all of these energy compo nents are used to reduce power. When coal is used, there is a possibility of choosing between cal that contains high and low contents of sulfur alongside other emissions. Similarly, the use of fossil fuels also allows differences in emission levels. These variations may be tagged on the type of burners used, the level of technology employed as well as the apparatus used to monitor and control emission levels. The application of emission allowances as enshrined in the Clean Air Act adopted in 1990 can be a real booster in nuclear waste management. Since 2002, there have been plans to include nuclear power plants in the emission allowances that are applicable with plants that emit oxides of nitrogen. In spite of the low volume of these allowances, it may indeed save a lot in terms of emissions that are usually avoided in totality (Eisenbud Gessell, 1997) Emission levels have been set up by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to act as a guide to nuclear and other power generati ng plants. For example, for each 1 MWh of electricity produced, coal plants should not exceed the cap of 2249 of carbon dioxide while for oil plants; the maximum allowable emission is 1135 by volume. The remaining pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen also have their emission levels which cannot be exceed by operators. However, nuclear plant reactors are not emitted to emit any waste products to the environment, whether the pollutant is considered to be mild or less severe. The reason given behind this prohibition is that any allowable emission to the environment emanating from nuclear wastes may contain traces of radioactive substances known to be highly devastating even after being deposited for a long period of time. The radioactive wastes can still initiate chain reactions millions of years after emission to the ambient environment (Eisenbud Paschoa, 1989). This also explains the reason why the residues emanating from nuclear wastes are buried deep underg round so that the elements do not move to the surface and cause health havoc such as gene mutation in animals. Hence, nuclear power plants should be operated in a very sensitive manner right from the time raw materials are fed into the reactor up to the time period when waste products are being disposed. The quantity of spent fuel produced by nuclear power on an annual basis is estimate at 2,000 metric tons. This quantity is far much less than the stipulated allowable emission levels per every Megawatt hour of electricity produced. This implies that even though the environmental effects of spent fuel can be devastating, nuclear plants emit quite a marginal amount of these wastes to the environment. From this perspective, it is likely that a nuclear plant which operates in more than 90% of the total duration and has a capacity of one thousand MWe, waste generation from this plant will be approximately 46,000 lbs per year translating close to 23 tones. From this evidence, it implies t hat the amount of wastes generated from a nuclear plant per annum is relatively small compared to other forms of energy production. However, the challenge remains how adequately and satisfactorily these wastes can be disposed to avoid pollution of the immediate environment. When the same quantity of electricity is generated from coal, over three hundred thousand tons of waste products in form of ashy residues will be formed. This will translate to about ten prevent of coal burnt. the process of srubbing is used to remove ash impurities. This marks the main difference between the volume of waste products generated in nuclear plants and other forms of energy generation (Simon, 2007). It is possible to make resolutions and change to nuclear fuel from fossil fuel. However, this will rely on the type of fuel being substituted and the emission which is of great significance. Airborne emissions emanating from nuclear power plants and other sources of energy such as coal have common signifi cance throughout. There has been a gradual decline in the building of new nuclear plants since the past three decades or so. By 1996, one nuclear power plant was completed in United States in spite of the fact that there are pending building licenses of nuclear plants (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP, 2004). There is much hope that yet another nuclear plant will be constructed soon to supplement energy production in meeting high demand. The decline has not been without a cause. For instance, the associated expenses and overheads required to erect new power plants is quite high. The capital required for this investment is huge and as a result, it has prohibited the development of new nuclear sites. In addition to the element of cost, the risks involved in the constructing and running of nuclear power plants are overwhelming. As much as there is increasing demand for energy resources, the returns on nuclear power plants may not be significant especially at the initial stages of production due to the fact that management of wastes from spend fuel is a costly affair. Besides, waste disposal is a mandatory requirement in nuclear plants and as such, the operating costs may remain all time high, thereby jeopardizing operations. Building fossil fuel plants as well as coal plants has been quite easy in terms of cost compared to the construction of nuclear plants (Diesendorf, 2007). There are highly charged views over the possibility of alleviating greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of nuclear power generation. Acidic gases, solid wastes and metallic particles have been a concern for a lengthy period of time. There seems to be concurrence that greenhouse gas emissions can indeed be reduced when nuclear power generation is given a serious thought instead of over-relying on fossil fuels (Sovacool, 2010). Furthermore, the emission of acidic gases like the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen will significantly go down if fossil fuels suc h as coal and oil are sufficiently replaced with energy production using nuclear power. Although the cost benefit analysis of setting up a nuclear plant reveals hefty financial risk, the overall result is definitively impressive. The other side of the coin must also be analyzed. When fossil fuel is replaced with nuclear power, the quantity of nuclear spent will be higher, necessitating the need for further disposal. The control technologies for regulating emissions from nuclear power plants is yet another option that can reduce or completely eliminate the release of harmful waste products to the environment. Environmental effects Right from the initial stage of construction, a nuclear power plant is a real source of noise disturbance to the neighboring community. However, this kind of disturbance is quite common in most industrial establishments (Leeuwen Smith, 2003). For instance, the increase in traffic flow, digging of natural sites trough excavations by heavy machinery, destroy ing of the natural ecosystem by interfering of plant and animal habitats are likely to be experienced whenever a nuclear power plant is being constructed. There are instances when the natural environment is completely defaced, leaving bare ground, deep valleys and rugged surfaces. Nonetheless, it is vital for an environmental impact assessment to be carried out before such construction works begin. This type of assessment will ascertain any mitigation measures that need to be taken or put in place in order to reduce damage to the terrestrial and aquatic environment. An impact assessment to the environment is carried out by environmental experts and a report outlining some of the measures to be taken as the construction goes on is released to the contractor (Diesendorf, 2008). To begin with, the selection of a nuclear power plant site is an important step to take. A carefully selected site will by far and large, minimize the effects of these negative impacts to the environment. For i nstance, it is highly recommended that a nuclear power plant be located away from human settlement. Residential places should not be positioned within the vicinity of nuclear plants. Another environmental impact of nuclear power plants is the thermal discharges that emanates from heat that has not been used in the process of driving the turbines. Both the fossil fuel and heat generated from fission and fusion in the reactor are not conducive to the environment. Complications arising from reproduction, growth and development of initial stages of tiny animal species like insects as well as children and adults. In order to address this environmental problem, there are regulatory agencies whose main role is to set up standards regarding water temperature and the associated discharges being released into the environment (New Nuclear Energy Agency, 2008). The aquatic populations may also undergo demise due to exposure to extremely hot discharges. The transmission lines that are highly vis ible is a common sight in locations where nuclear power plants have been located. These lines serve the purpose of transmitting electricity at very high voltage. Although underground cable can be used t transmit electricity from the source of production to various destinations, such an undertaking is not economically feasible and may as well translate into a financial risk. Hence, the net returns on nuclear power projects may be hampered by not only the cost of transmitting electric power from one location to another, but also the impact posed to the environment by the transmission lines such as accidents, requirement of additional space to erect power lines and so on (Benduhn, 2009). The ionizing radiation emanating from nuclear reactors is indeed the man cause of worry when generating power using nuclear power. Strict monitoring of the power generating plant is necessary at all times. Any slight leakage from the system may lead to hum exposure to high power penetrating radiation s uch as gamma rays and beta particles. In particular, the former has a very high penetrating power and can render the victim dead or with complications after a short period of exposure. In summing up, it is vital to reiterate that the cost-benefit analysis of the environmental impacts of nuclear power generation reveals that in spite the high cost of establishing a nuclear plant in addition to the exaggerated costs of managing wastes in from of spent fuel, this form of energy production is a potential alternative to fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal. The total volume of waste products generated by a nuclear plant per annum has also been found to be significantly low compared to other forms of energy production. Nonetheless, the most satisfying way of managing these wastes is still a challenge up to date. The high cost of installing subsidiary systems within the nuclear plant to eliminate toxic wastes requires and additional capital investment (Sovacool, 2008). 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